Optimization of energy management system for fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles: Issues and recommendations

Sulaiman, Noorasiah; Hannan, M. A.; Mohamed, Azah; Ker, Pin Jern; Majlan, Edy Herianto; Daud, Wan Ramli Wan

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.07.087

Cited by 296 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 99 publications

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“…In this regard, it is worth emphasising that η M varies with both F M and v in accordance with the M efficiency map [41]. The overall traction effort on vehicle wheels (F T ) is thus: (14) in which F b is the braking force exerted by mechanical braking devices. Therefore, F b is zero when F T is positive because no braking is needed.…”

Section: Of 21mentioning

confidence: 71%

Modelling and Design of Real-Time Energy Management Systems for Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles

Serpi

Porru

2019

Energies

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Modelling and design of real-time energy management systems for optimising the operating costs of a fuel cell/battery electric vehicle are presented in this paper. The proposed energy management system consists of optimally sharing the propulsion power demand between the fuel cell and battery by enabling them to support each other for operating cost minimisation. The optimisation is achieved through real-time minimisation of a cost function, which accounts for fuel cell and battery degradation, hydrogen consumption and charge sustaining costs. A detailed analysis of each term of the overall cost function is performed and presented, which enables the development of a real-time, advanced energy management system for improving a previously presented simplified version using more accurate modelling and by considering cost function minimisation over a given time horizon. The performance of the proposed advanced energy management system are verified through numerical simulations over different driving cycles; particularly, simulations were performed in MATLAB-Simulink by considering a hysteresis-based energy management system and both simplified and advanced versions of the proposed energy management system for comparison.

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Section: Of 21mentioning

confidence: 71%

Modelling and Design of Real-Time Energy Management Systems for Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles

Serpi

Porru

2019

Energies

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“…In addition, researchers also worked on showing the importance of an optimized energy management systems (EMS) in the HEV . They tried to solve the optimization problem using different techniques and strategies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power sources sizing for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle

2020

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Fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHV) are attractive alternatives to fossil fuel based ones in terms of lowering levels of polluting emissions. This paper presents a methodology for modeling, sizing, and power management of FCHV. The aim of the study is to achieve the lowest cost of driving over different driving cycles taking into consideration the vehicle specifications and minimum drivability constraints. The tunnel dynamic programming (TDP) is used to find the optimal power split between the battery and the fuel cell to meet the power demand for driving. On the other hand, since cost is a major barrier hindering the commercialization of FCHV, Pareto front is used to determine the best combination of sizes to achieve the lowest operational cost. The analysis covers different driving cycles including a combination of the highway and urban driving cycles mimicking a realistic one. The focus on lithium titanate battery and the combination of TDP‐Pareto front are the significant contributions of this paper. Comparative results against a commercial hybrid vehicle showed that the proposed model found a more efficient design in terms of hydrogen consumption and more capable in meeting aggressive drivability constraints as the electric motor size selected is greater.

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“…The main processes for hydrogen production include natural gas reforming and coal and heavy oil gasification, 2,3 which are associated with the formation of a fair amount of CO and SO x as by-products. Along with the rise of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles, 4,5 higher purity hydrogen production from sustainable energy resources becomes particularly attractive in this regard. 6 Bioethanol has been increasingly used as a fuel and is considered as a promising alternative fuel for fuel cell because of its high H/C ratio and low cost of production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) over CeO _x grown on the nano Ni _x Mg _y O matrix: H ₂ production under a high GHSV condition

et al. 2019

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Summary Steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) over non‐noble metal catalysts is normally conducted at high temperature (>600°C) to thermodynamically favour the catalytic process and carbon deposition mitigation. However, high temperature inhibits water‐gas shift reaction (WGSR) and therefore restrains the yield of H2 and leads to the formation of an excessive amount of CO. The modification of non‐noble metal catalyst to enhance WGSR is an attractive alternative. In this study, CeOx was firstly loaded onto a nano‐scaled NixMgyO matrix and subsequently used as the catalyst for hydrogen production via SRE. Morphology of the catalyst materials was characterized by using a series of technologies, while H2‐temperature programmed reduction (H2‐TPR), CO‐temperature programmed deposition (CO‐TPD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were employed to study the surface nickel, ceria clusters, and their interactions. The catalytic activity and durability of the catalyst were studied in the temperature region of 500°C to 800°C. The CeOx‐coated nano NixMgyO matrix exhibited an outstanding hydrogen yield of 4.82 mol/molethanol under a high gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 200 000 hour−1. It is found that the unique Ni0‐CeOx structure facilitates the adsorption of CO on the surface and therefore promotes the effective hydrogen production via WGSR. Moreover, this modified NixMgyO matrix was found to be a more robust and anticoking nanocatalyst because of reversible switch between Ce4+ and Ce3+.

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Optimization of energy management system for fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles: Issues and recommendations

Cited by 296 publications

References 99 publications

Modelling and Design of Real-Time Energy Management Systems for Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles

Modelling and Design of Real-Time Energy Management Systems for Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles

Power sources sizing for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle

Highly efficient steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) over CeO _x grown on the nano Ni _x Mg _y O matrix: H ₂ production under a high GHSV condition

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Optimization of energy management system for fuel-cell hybrid electric vehicles: Issues and recommendations

Cited by 296 publications

References 99 publications

Modelling and Design of Real-Time Energy Management Systems for Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles

Modelling and Design of Real-Time Energy Management Systems for Fuel Cell/Battery Electric Vehicles

Power sources sizing for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle

Highly efficient steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) over CeO x grown on the nano Ni x Mg y O matrix: H 2 production under a high GHSV condition

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Highly efficient steam reforming of ethanol (SRE) over CeO _x grown on the nano Ni _x Mg _y O matrix: H ₂ production under a high GHSV condition