Optimization of extraction of antioxidative phenolic compounds from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) leaves using response surface methodology

Abstract

Optimization of extraction of antioxidative phenolic compounds from cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) leaves was performed using response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite design (CCD) was used to establish treatments based on three independent variables, including extraction temperature, time, and ethanol‐to‐solid ratio. Total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidative activities (DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, and FRAP), and % yield were monitored. The extraction yield was 8.64% under the following optimized condition: extraction at 34.7°C for 64 min with an ethanol‐to‐solid ratio of 18:1 vol/wt. TPC was 564.60 mg GAE/g dry extract and DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, and FRAP were 11.74, 5.56, and 8.11 mmol TE/g dry extract, respectively. The experiment values were in accordance with the predicted values. Isoquercetin, catechin, hydroquinin, gallic acid, tannic acid, and rutin were found in the extract. The extract could therefore be used as natural antioxidant for food application or as nutraceutical. Practical applications Cashew leaf is a potential source of phenolics with antioxidative activity. Extraction method is the first important step in isolation of interested compound, in which the target compounds are extracted with high recovery and without interferences. Optimization of extraction is the procedure that can be used to extract the bioactive compounds having antioxidant capacity with high efficiency. Cashew leaf extract also can be used for food application or serve as nutraceuticals.

Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of guava leaf extracts as affected by solvents used for prior dechlorophyllization

“…FRAP has been used to determine the ability of compound in reducing TPTZ‐Fe (III) complex to TPTZ‐Fe (II) complex. Metal chelating activity reflects the ability of a compound to deactivate transition metals by inhibiting Ferrozine‐Fe 2+ complex formation (Chotphruethipong et al, ). Ethanolic extract dechlorophyllized with chloroform had the highest FRAP and metal chelating activity ( p ˂ 0.05).…”

Hydrolyzed collagen from porcine lipase‐defatted seabass skin: Antioxidant, fibroblast cell proliferation, and collagen production activities

“…ABTS radical scavenging activity, oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay (ORAC), FRAP and metal chelating activity were determined and the first three were reported as μmol Trolox equivalents (TE)/g dry sample (Chotphruethipong, Benjakul, & Kijroongrojana, ), while for metal chelating activity, it was expressed as μmol EDTA equivalents (EE)/g dry sample.…”

Natural Preservatives for Extending the Shelf‐Life of Seafood: A Revisit

“…Production or extraction of EO and plant extract involves two major steps, namely, pre-extraction (preparation) of plant samples and an extraction process (Azwanida, 2015). Drying, grinding, or size reduction of the plant materials and, sometimes, dechlorophyllization, depending on the plant material, are the major processes in the pre-extraction stage (Azwanida, 2015;Chotphruethipong, Benjakul, & Kijroongrojana, 2017). Olatunde, Benjakul, and Kitiya (2018) demonstrated that solvents have a profound role in dechlorophyllization of guava leaf, in which the ethanolic extract from chloroform-dechlorophyllized leaf powder showed the highest antioxidant efficacy.…”