Optimization of growth conditions for Azotobacter species and their use as biofertilizer

Mukhtar, Hamid; Bashir, Hina; Nawaz, Ali; Ikram-ul-Haq,

doi:10.15406/jbmoa.2018.06.00217

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…At the end of experiment, the humidity of compost was declined from 29 % to up to 18%. The decrease of humidity induces the cyste formation [16]. Moreover, the acidity (pH) of either sterilized and unsterilized organic matters were about neutral.…”

Section: Acidity and Humidity Of Compostmentioning

confidence: 98%

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2021

Current Research in Agricultural Sciences

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Compost enrichment with nitrogen fixing Azotobacter is a method to enhance the used of biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture. The objective of a laboratory experiment was to verify the change in Azotobacter and total bacteria population in two kind of compost after inoculation with nitrogen fixing A. chroococcum. The experiment was setup in completely randomized design with four combination treatments of sterilized and unsterilized composted manure as well as vermicompost. The control treatments are the sterilized one. The results verified that irrespective of treatments, Azotobacter enrichment increased Azotobacter but reduced total bacteria population after 18-day incubation compared to the composts before treatment. At the end of experiment, the population of Azotobacter in both sterilized and unsterilized vermicompost were slightly lower than in manure; but the count total heterotroph bacteria in both organic matter was similar. The acidity of both enriched compost was neutral while their humidity was declined to 18-19% at the end of experiment. This experiment showed that inoculating the compost with Azotobater maintain the Azotobacter count but decline the total bacteria. This suggested that negative interaction between Azotobacter and other heterotroph bacteria in compost might be occured. Contribution/Originality:This study is one of very few studies about the viability of total bacteria and Azotobacter in Azotobacter-enriched compost. Compost enrichment with Azotobacter enhanced Azotobacter population but decreased total bacteria decreased in the compost. This enriched compost can serve as organic matter and Azotobacter inoculant once introducing to the soil.

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Section: Acidity and Humidity Of Compostmentioning

confidence: 98%

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2021

Current Research in Agricultural Sciences

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“…The cell morphology is pleomorphic (Upadhyay, Kumar, Singh, & Singh, 2015), usually straight Bacilli with rounded ends becoming more ellipsoidal or coccus (Figure 1). Azotobacter is a chemo-organo heterotrophic organism that forms cysts in under drought stress and produced capsules (Mukhtar, Bashir, & Nawaz, 2018) which structurally consisted of polysaccharide hence the name become exopolysaccharide (Gauri, Mandal, & Pati, 2012). Azotobacter species can produce cysts and the vegetative cell becomes immobile (Yoneyama, Yamamoto, Hashimoto, & Murata, 2015).…”

Section: Azotobacter Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the soil, Azotobacter is found in slightly acidic, neutral, or slightly alkaline soils with an acidity of 4.8-8.5 (Singh, 2011), but they also grow in soils with a pH between 7.07-8.56 (Mazinani, Aminafshar, Asgharzadeh, & Chamani, 2012). The optimum acidity for self-propagation and nitrogen fixation is 7.0-7.5 (Singh, 2011) but Azotobacter vinelandii can grow at a pH range of 5-9 and show maximum growth at pH 8 (Mukhtar et al, 2018).…”

Section: Azotobacter Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most Azotobacter strain was sensitive to acidic pH, high salt concentration, and mesophilic temperatures (Sethi & Adhikary, 2012). Mukhtar et al (2018) revealed that the optimal temperature for Azotobacter growth is 30 o C although they can propagate at 25-40°C. However, their proliferation is greatly decreased above 30°C (Mukhtar et al, 2018;Sethi & Adhikary, 2012).…”

Section: Azotobacter Morphologymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role and perspective of Azotobacter in crops production

Hindersah

Kamaluddin

Samanta

et al. 2020

Sains Tanah J. Soil Sci. Agroclimatology

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<p>Low nitrogen content in soil is usually overcome by chemical fertilization. After long application period, high-dose and intensive use of N fertilizers can cause ammonia volatilization and nitrates accumulation in soil. In sustainable agriculture, the use of bacterial inoculant integrated with nutrient management system has a role in soil health and productivity. Azotobacter-based biofertilizer is suggested as a chemical nitrogen fertilizer substitute or addition in crop production to improve available nutrients in the soil, provide some metabolites during plant growth, and minimize fertilizer doses. The objective of this literature reviewed paper is to discuss the role of Azotobacter in agriculture; and the prospective of Azotobacter to increase yield and substitute the chemical fertilizer in food crops production. The results revealed that mechanisms by Azotobacter in plant growth enhancement are as biofertilizer, biostimulant, and bioprotectant. Nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter is the mechanism to provide available nitrogen for uptake by roots. Azotobacter stimulates plant growth through phytohormones synthesis; indole acetic acid, cytokinins, and gibberellins are detected in the liquid culture of Azotobacter. An indirect effect of Azotobacter is exopolysaccharide production and plant protection. Inoculation of Azotobacter in the field integrated with organic matter and reduced chemical fertilizer are reported to improve plant growth and yield.</p>

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“…Agricultural plant inoculation with PGPR has demonstrated the useful practice of sustainable agriculture. The Bacillus and Azotobacter increased plant growth through phosphate solubilizing and nitrogen fixing mechanisms, respectively (Radhakrishnan et al, 2017;Mukhtar et al, 2018). Both bacteria have the ability to produce phytohormones and exopolysachharide (Tang et al, 2020, Malick et al, 2017Rubio et al, 2013;Hindersah et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of Bacillus and Azotobacter Consortia in Liquid Cultures: Preliminary Research on Microbes-Coated Urea

et al. 2020

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The spore-forming Bacillus and cysts forming Azotobacter are Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria which has been used as biofertilizer in sustainable agriculture since they tolerant to dried soil. Drought resistant microbes will be useful to coat urea in order to reduce the lost of nitrogen. The objectives of this preliminary study were to study the effect of molasse based liquid media on the population of Bacillus spore and Azotobacter vegetative cell and to determine the composition of four bacterial species in liquid formula. In the first experiment The Bacillus subtilis, B. megaterium, A. chroococcum and A. vinelandii were grown separately in 1% cane molasses enriched with 0.1% NH4Cl. As control treatment, The Bacillus and Azotobacter were grown in Nutrient Broth and Ashby’s mannitol broth respectively. In the second experiment, different composition of said Bacillus and Azotobacter were grown in molasses based liquid media prior to count the spore and vegetative cell. The results showed that molasses-based media supported bacterial growth and initial ratio 1:1:1:1 of liquid inoculant was effective to increase bacterial growth. This experiment suggested that the use of organic based media was useful practice of liquid biofertilizer formulation for granule urea coating.

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Optimization of growth conditions for Azotobacter species and their use as biofertilizer

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

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Role and perspective of Azotobacter in crops production

Formulation of Bacillus and Azotobacter Consortia in Liquid Cultures: Preliminary Research on Microbes-Coated Urea

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