Optimization of Laser-Assisted Polypropylene Aluminum Joining

Abstract

Laser joining of polymers to metals is a rising research subject due to the potential of considerably reducing the weight of structures. This article deals with the laser joining process between polypropylene and aluminum. Without pre-treatment, laser joining of these materials is not feasible, and the method applied in this study to circumvent this issue is a surface modification of aluminum with a pulsed laser to create mechanical interlocking for the heat conduction laser joining technique. Different patterns and various laser parameters are analyzed with the design of experiments to best understand the effects of each parameter along with microscopic observations. It is found that engraving weakens the mechanical properties of the aluminum samples. The compromise between the engraving depth and the mechanical properties of the samples is optimized, and the engraving process with a 0.28 mm line width, 27.3% density and 150 mm/s speed provides the highest mechanical performance of the assembly with minimum degradation of aluminum samples. Moreover, by adjusting the laser power and using power modulation below 300 W, the decomposition of polypropylene occurring at high temperatures is reduced to a minimum. After the final optimization, the joined samples reliably withstand a maximum force of 1500 N, which is, approximately, a shear strength of 20 MPa.