Optimization of novel
            <i>Lepidium perfoliatum</i>
            Linn. Biodiesel using zirconium-modified montmorillonite clay catalyst

Munir, Mamoona; Saeed, Muhammad; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Waseem, Amir; Sultana, Shazia; Zafar, Muhammad; Srinivasan, Gokul Raghavendra

doi:10.1080/15567036.2019.1691289

Cited by 36 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Also, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and test of significance were calculated to ensure the fit of model compromising of a simple quadratic equation developed using significant factors of input variables based on following polynomial Eq. 2 [4,29]:…”

Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process optimization of biodiesel production from waste beef tallow using ethanol as co-solvent

et al. 2020

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This present study deals with production of biodiesel from waste beef tallow using co-solvent based transesterification. Waste tallow was dry rendered from discarded fleshing and processing wastes; whose maximum fat content was estimated to be 48.35 ± 0.87%, collectively. Following this, biodiesel was produced from rendered tallow using methanol as primary solvent; and ethanol as co-solvent in presence of potassium hydroxide as base catalyst. Ideal range for reaction parameters were decided based on reaction parameters optimized for methanol based and ethanol based transesterification separately. Accordingly, the optimal reaction conditions for methanol-ethanol based transesterification are as follows: (1) oil to alcohol molar ratio: 1:6; (2) methanol to ethanol molar ratio: 3/3; (3) catalyst concentration: 0.55% KOH; (4) reaction temperature: 70 °C; (5) reaction time: 35 min and produced a maximum yield of 97.2 ± 1.08%. Apart from production optimization, the resultant biodiesel/tallow methyl ethyl ester (TMEE) was evaluated for its thermal & physicochemical properties as per ASTM D6751 standards. Interestingly, the fuel properties of TMEE were found to be superior than compared to tallow methyl esters and was accounted by presence of ethyl esters in them.

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Section: Optimization Of Transesterification Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Process optimization of biodiesel production from waste beef tallow using ethanol as co-solvent

et al. 2020

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“…Vegetable oils can help to cope with the intense demand of fuel for rapidly growing human population. Despite this advantage, vegetable oil is not very effective for engine as it causes incomplete combustion which results in carbon accumulation in valve seat, injector nozzle, and combustion chamber (Munir et al, 2019). In order to get rid of this problem, transesterification of vegetable oil is performed which give biodiesel and glycerol as a raw product.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scanning electron microscopy as a tool for authentication of biodiesel synthesis from Linum usitatissimum seed oil

Niazi

Ahmad

Elnaggar

et al. 2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Utilization of renewable and alternative energy feedstocks such as nonedible seeds oil to deal with the increasing energy crises and related ecological concerns have gained the attention of researchers. Biodiesel is an efficient and renewable substitute for diesel engine. This work investigates the potential of inexpensive nonedible seed oil of Linum usitatissimum to synthesize biodiesel using iron sulfate green nanocatalyst through the process of transesterification. Flax seed contains about 37.5% oil content estimated through Soxhlet apparatus. Light microscopy revealed that seed size varies from 3.0 to 6.0 cm in length, 2.0 to 3.3 cm in width, and 0.7 to 1.0 mm in diameter. Color of seed varied from yellow to brown. Characterization of biodiesel is performed through GC–MS and FTIR. Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to study the morphological features of seed coat. Catalyst was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy diffraction X‐ray, and X‐ray diffraction. The diffraction peaks of Fe3O4 green nanoparticles were found to be in 2θ values, 30.24°, 35.62°, 38.26°, 49.56°, 57.12°, and 62.78°. Fuel properties of biodiesel are also determined and compared with ASTM standards. Linum usitatissimum biodiesel has density 0.8722 (15°C kg/L), kinetic viscosity 5.45 (40°C cSt), flash point (90°C), pour point (−13°C), cloud point (−9°C), sulfur (0.0432% wt), and total acid number (0.245 mg KOH/g). It is concluded that L. usitatissimum seed oil is a highly potential source for biodiesel production to cope with the challenge of present energy demand.

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“…Developing countries are more vulnerable to this disastrous situation (Demirbas, 2007; Dorado, Ballesteros, Arnal, Gomez, & Lopez, 2003; Kanwal et al, 2021). Currently, increasing atmospheric pollution and growing demand of fossil fuels is the main problem all over the world (Anwar, Rasul, Ashwath, & Nabi, 2019; Munir, Ahmad, et al, 2019, Munir, Saeed, et al, 2019; Rashid, Anwar, Yunus, & Al‐Muhtaseb, 2015; Shah & Rozina, 2013). Emergent demand of conventional fuels and resultant environmental pollution has encouraged societies toward nontoxic, renewable, and ecofriendly sources of fuels such as biofuels (Amini et al, 2017; Dawood et al, 2021; Tariq et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implication of scanning electron microscopy as a tool for identification of novel, nonedible oil seeds for biodiesel production

Rozina

Ahmad

Khan

et al. 2021

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Biodiesel is a promising, bio‐based, renewable, nontoxic, environment friendly, and alternative fuel for petroleum derived fuels which helps to reduce dependency on conventional fossil fuels. In this study, six novel, nonedible seed oil producing feedstock were explored for their potential for sustainable production of biodiesel. It is very important to correctly identify oil yielding plant species. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used as reliable tool for authentic identification of oil yielding seeds. Macromorphological characters of seeds were studied with light microscopy (LM). Outcomes of LM of seeds exposed distinctive variation in seed size from 16.3 to 3.2 mm in length and 12.4 to 0.9 mm in width, shape varied from oval to triangular, and color from black to light brown. Oil content of nonedible seed ranged from 25 to 30% (w/w). Free fatty acid content of seed oil varied from 0.32 to 2.5 mg KOH/g. Moreover, ultra structural study of seeds via SEM showed variation in surface sculpturing, cell arrangement, cell shape, periclinal wall shape, margins, protuberances, and anticlinal wall shape. Surface sculpturing varied from rugged, reticulate, varrucose, papillate, and striate. Periclinal wall arrangements confirmed variation from rough, wavy, raised, depressed, smooth, and elevated whereas, anticlinal walls pattern showed variation from profuse undulating, smooth, raised, grooved, deep, curved, and depressed. It was concluded that SEM could be a latent and advanced technique in unveiling hidden micromorphological characters of nonedible oil yielding seeds which delivers valuable information to researchers and indigenous people for precise and authentic identification and recognition.

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Optimization of novel Lepidium perfoliatum Linn. Biodiesel using zirconium-modified montmorillonite clay catalyst

Cited by 36 publications

References 24 publications

Process optimization of biodiesel production from waste beef tallow using ethanol as co-solvent

Process optimization of biodiesel production from waste beef tallow using ethanol as co-solvent

Scanning electron microscopy as a tool for authentication of biodiesel synthesis from Linum usitatissimum seed oil

Implication of scanning electron microscopy as a tool for identification of novel, nonedible oil seeds for biodiesel production

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