Optimization of Oxidative Desulfurization Reaction with Fe2O3 Catalyst Supported on Graphene Using Box-Behnken Experimental Method

Abstract

In this study, the catalyst activity of Fe2O3 supported on Graphene for Iraqi gas oil oxidation desulfurization (ODS) by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated. The prepared catalyst was synthesized by wet impregnation for ferric nitrate as a Fe2O3 precursor while Graphene represented as catalyst support. The synthesized catalyst was characterized by XRD, FTIR, and EDS analysis. The experiments were designed according to three-level for three variables by Box-Behnken experimental design; Stirring time, catalyst dosage and temperature while the sulfur removal efficiency acts as experiment response. Catalyst activity was studied by ODS reaction for Iraqi gas oil (sulfur content 9400 ppm) at temperature range (40-60 ºC), stirring time (160-240 minutes) and catalyst dosage (0.5-2.5 g), the results show maximum sulfur removal efficiency 90% at stirring time, catalyst dosage and temperature 240 min, 1.5 g, and 60 ºC, respectively. ANOVA analysis shows the important effect of each independent variable on sulfur removal efficiency (response) as following influential order; stirring time, reaction temperature and catalyst dosage. Kinetics calculation showed that the ODS reaction obeys pseudo first-order reaction with reaction rate constant equal 1.0837, 1.5893, and 2.5053 at temperature 40, 50, and 60 ºC, respectively, while activation energy equal 36.26 kJ/mol. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved

Study reaction kinetics of fuel model desulfurization by electrochemical oxidation technique

“…As seen in Table 2, which listed the desulfurization experiments at different time and temperature with kept NaCl concentration constant, the impact of time on sulfur removing was shown in Fig. 3, the final sulfur concentration was decreased with time increasing and this is agreeing with many literatures [3,4,9] . Increasing time meaning increasing contact time between reactants.…”

“…Thus there a hard environmental consideration for allowable sulfur content with fuel were applied in developed countries, for example, China, in 2014, the maximum sulfur content allowed in fuel was set to be less than 10 ppm [1]. In the United States, the gas contains between 50 to 500 ppm, while Iraqi gas oil contains 10,000 ppm Ho et al [2] There are many techniques used to remove sulfur compounds in the oil refining industry, but the common commercial method is the hydrodesulphurization method HDS is a chemical process that works with high pressure and temperature in addition to the presence of an amount of expensive catalyst and huge amount of hydrogen Alwan et al [3] , HDS method characterized by its high energy consumption Mehri et al [4] , due to the high operating conditions and is ineffective in removing some compounds sulfur, such as benzothiophenes BT, and Dibenzothiophene DBT [5,6], therefore, new methods have been suggested by researchers, such as oxidation, extraction, extraction, and biological sulfur removal [1].…”

Performance of tin oxide supported on reduced graphene oxide for oxidative desulfurization

“…In addition, the calculated crystal size of rGO layer is 4.04 nm. Therefore, rGO crystal has almost fewer layers [13,14]. The rGO peak is observed with the same intensity after Sn is impregnated onto rGO, this means no disruption in rGO crystallinity.…”

Carbon-Based Materials for Oxidative Desulfurization and Denitrogenation of Fuels: A Review

“…The catalytic activities of these hybrid materials have been assessed in ODS of solutions with initial sulfur concentrations ([S] 0 ) ranging from 100 to 9400 ppm using H 2 O 2 as oxidant under mild conditions (25-80 • C) and achieving sulfur removals higher than 90%. In general, most authors have not justified the role of the carbon structure in these runs [76][77][78][79][80][81][82], with a few exceptions.…”