Optimization of physicochemical parameters influencing the production of prodigiosin from Serratia nematodiphila RL2 and exploring its antibacterial activity

Abstract

In the present study, role of various physicochemical parameters influencing the production of antimicrobial pigment prodigiosin from RL2 was determined and optimized. The pigment-producing strain was isolated and based on molecular characterization (16S rRNA sequencing), was identified as RL2. The pigment produced by RL2 was characterized by thin layer chromatography (R 0.94), spectrophotometrically (λ 535 nm) and identified as prodigiosin. Optimization of production parameters of prodigiosin revealed, nutrient broth medium supplemented with lactose and yeast extract at 1% concentration each, have a positive effect on the bacterial growth (10.25-4.6 mg/ml DCW) as well as pigment production (0.46-0.6 mg/ml). Prodigiosin production (0.64 mg/ml) increases optimally after 46-48 h of incubation, at 35 °C at pH between 6 and 7 with addition of metal ions such as Uranyl acetate. An increase of 65% in prodigiosin production (0.46-0.76 mg/ml) was observed after optimizing the various production parameters than unoptimized conditions. Antimicrobial activity of the prodigiosin was also evaluated and found to be effective antimicrobial agent against bacterial pathogens including sp., sp., sp. and sp. Present study indicate that RL2 is a potent source of pigment prodigiosin which can be further explored for production of prodigiosin.

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“…In the current study, 64.78 and 73.23% increase in prodigiosin production was observed as compared to standard NB and LB medium, respectively. Similarly, a 65% increase in prodigiosin production by S. nematodiphila RL2 in optimized medium as compared to nutrient broth was reported (Gondil et al 2017). Considerable increase (over three times) in prodigiosin production by S. marcescens strain MSK1 has also been reported in optimized M9 medium (Bharmal et al 2012).…”

“…The variations in prodigiosin production were noted only when buffers were used in cultures of non-proliferating cells. A recent study on optimization of parameters for production of prodigiosin by S. nematodiphila RL2 reported maximum production at 35 °C in 46 to 48 h in nutrient broth medium (pH 6 to 7) supplemented with 1% lactose, yeast extract and uranyl acetate (Gondil et al 2017). However, pH 7, inoculum concentration 5%, temperature 30 °C and incubation period of 36 h were reported to be optimum for prodigiosin production by S. marcescens MBB05 (Pradeep et al 2013).…”

“…Moreover, every strain of bacteria is unique in its nutritional requirement for production of specific secondary metabolites, including pigments. For instance, a strain of Serratia nematodiphila RL2 utilized 1% lactose and 1% yeast extract as carbon and nitrogen sources, respectively, and metal-containing chemical factors such as uranyl acetate for optimum pigment production (Gondil et al 2017). Moreover, certain metabolites require a complex media that is rich in a variety of nutrients, whereas others require nutrient-limiting conditions for their production.…”

Loss of Serine-Type D-Ala-D-Ala Carboxypeptidase DacA Enhances Prodigiosin Production in Serratia marcescens

“…Prodigiosin (PG), a red linear tripyrrole pigment (Figure S1) and most prominent member of the prodiginine family, is produced by a number of microorganisms, including S. marcescens (Williamson et al, 2006a), Zooshikella rubidus (Lee et al, 2011), Zooshikella ganghwensis (Lee et al, 2011), Hahella chejuensis (Kim et al, 2008a; Krishnamurthy and Belur, 2018), Streptomyces sp. (El-Bondkly et al, 2012), and Serratia nematodiphila (Gondil et al, 2017; Table 3). Among them, as the most widely studied prodigiosin producing strain, S. marcescens has been found to synthesize the highest yield of prodigiosin (49.5 g/L, Table 3).…”

Production, characterization and antibacterial activity of prodigiosin pigment produced by Pseudoalteromonas rubra BF1A IBRL associated with a marine macroalgae Enteromorpha sp.

“…(Park et al, 2012). The functional bioactivity of prodigiosin are antimicrobial activity (Samrot et al, 2011;Gondil et al, 2017), antiploriferate activity of cancer cells (Dalili et al, 2012), antioxidant activity (Arivizhivendhan et al, 2018) algicidal activity (Yang et al, 2013), and immunosuppressor activity (Montaner et al, 2000). Pseudoalteromonas rubra is one of the prodigisoin producing marine bacterium, which has been isolated previously from the surface of sponge (Feher et al, 2008), macroalage (Ulva lactuca), tunicate, mussels (Ivanova et al, 1996;Holmstrom et al, 1998;Egan et al, 2001).…”