Optimization of planting materials for large scale plantation of Bambusa balcooa Roxb.: Influence of propagation methods

Factors affecting macropropagation of bamboo with special reference to culm cuttings: a review update

“…Several internal and external factors are responsible for successful macropropagation with culm cuttings: age of mother plant (Saharia and Sen 1990); type of cutting (Singh et al 2011); method of setting; type(s) and concentration of plant growth regulators (Singh et al 2004); season (Singh et al 2011;Chhetri and Kumar 2015); and substrate used for macropropagation (Gaintait et al 2016;Ray and Ali 2016). In addition, environmental factors such as temperature (Senyanzobe et al 2013), humidity, water balance, rooting medium, light intensity, wind speed, and pests and diseases, are also limiting factors for the macropropagation (Banik 1995).…”

“…Culms of 1-5 years are better for many species, as reported by several authors. The use of culms of 1 year in B. balcooa (Joshi et al 2012;Gaintait et al 2016), 1.5 years in B. vulgaris (Bhol and Nayak 2012), 2 years in B. vulgaris (Hossain et al 2006;Senyanzobe et al 2013), Araundinaria alpine (Senyanzobe et al 2013), Oxytenanthera abyssinica (Elbasheer and Raddad 2013), and 5 years in D. asper (Singh et al 2004) as well as in B. vulgaris (Islam et al 2011), have been reported as successful propagating materials for cutting-based vegetative propagation. Despite reports of success with culm cutting material of different ages in various bamboo species, juvenile culms are more suitable than older ones because of highly active buds that are critical for efficient propagation (Elbasheer and Raddad 2013).…”

“…Mixtures of coarse sand and gravel were reported in Bambusa nutans by Islam et al (2011), sand to soil (1:1) for Araundinaria alpine and B. vulgaris by Senyanzobe et al (2013). Several other substrates, namely different ratios of soil, sand and farmyard manure (FYM) for B. vulgaris ; soil for B. vulgaris (Bhol and Parida 2015), coarse sand mixed with fine gravel for B. vulgaris (Hossain et al 2006); and coarse sand, soil, and sand plus soil and vermiculite for B. balcooa (Gaintait et al 2016;Ray and Ali 2016) have also been reported to improve rooting in terms of increasing root number and root length. Sand has multiple advantages: it is inexpensive, having good drainage and aeration because of higher porosity enables oxygen to reach the developing rooting system, and maintains a relatively uniform temperature (Allaire et al 2004;Baiyeri 2005;Shah et al 2006;Amri 2010).…”

Regeneration Technique of Bamboo Species through Nodal Segments: A Review

“…Similarly, it is used for making paper, pulp, food, scaffolding, textiles, plywood, boards, raw materials for construction, fencing, clothes, reinforcing fibers, etc, and bio-energy applications [10]. Also, it is used as an alternative source of energy and helped to prevent soil erosion due to the closely woven mat of intertwining roots and rhizomes [17,18] with its high agro-climatic suitability.…”

“…It is perennial plants with monocarpic nature having vegetative and reproductive cycle range from 3 to 120 years [19], sporadic flowering with the recalcitrance of seeds which made difficult for identification and floral characterization of bamboo. Mostly, the classification and identification of bamboo is done based on the vegetative pattern but it is not reliable due to influence of ecological factors an easily practicable because bamboo can produce a limited number of seeds after a long period of its life span which has short viability period only 3 to 6 months [17,18,19] and suffering from insects and rodents. Hence, the bamboo is regenerated through the vegetative method by planting of rhizome offset, branch & culm cuttings, nodal macro-cutting and layering [20,21] but for this process, it needs a large mass of bamboo plant stocks.…”