“…Because of these advantages, trajectory data enjoy broad application prospects in performance monitoring, signal control optimization, and other areas (Ban et al, 2011, Chu and Saitou, 2013, Guo et al, 2019, Xu et al, 2018, Ma et al, 2020. A large number of existing methods have been developed for short-term traffic volume estimation (Nanthawichit et al, 2003, Zhan et al, 2017, Duan et al, 2018, Emami et al, 2019, Luo, et al, 2019, Zhang et al, 2020 or cycle-based traffic volume estimation (Zheng and Liu, 2017, Wang et al, 2020, Yao et al, 2020, Zhang et al, 2021.…”