Optimization of production parameters for fabrication of thymol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles

Çakır, M. Ali; İçyer, Necattin Cihat; Törnük, Fatih

doi:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.096

Cited by 39 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…As a result, the encapsulation of thymol in CsNG reduces the porosity which leads to an increase in the average dispersity of the particle size. [17,18] Ali Çakır et al investigated the optimization of production parameters for fabrication of thymol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles. The results showed that the particle size values of the thymol loaded chitosan ranged from 276 to 1034 nm.…”

Section: Particle Size Zeta Potential and Morphology Of The Ty-csngmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fabrication and Characterization of Thymol‐Loaded Chitosan Nanogels: Improved Antibacterial and Anti‐Biofilm Activities with Negligible Cytotoxicity

Gharaghie

Beiranvand

Riahi

et al. 2022

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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Thymol is a monoterpene phenolic derivative extracted from the Thymus vulgaris which has antimicrobial effects. In the present study, thymol-loaded chitosan nanogels were prepared and their physicochemical properties were characterized. The encapsulation efficiency of thymol into chitosan and its stability were determined. The in vitro antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities of thymol-loaded chitosan nanogel (Ty-CsNG), free thymol (Ty), and free chitosan nanogel (CsNG) were evaluated against both Gram-negative and Grampositive multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains using the broth microdilution and crystal violet assay, respectively. After treatment of MDR strains with sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (Sub-MIC) of Ty-CsNG, free Ty and CsNG, biofilm gene expression analysis was studied. Moreover, cytotoxicity of Ty-CsNG, free Ty, and CsNG against HEK-293 normal cell line was determined using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. The average size of Ty-CsNG was 82.71 � 9.6 nm, encapsulation efficiency was 76.54 � 0.62 % with stability up to 60 days at 4 °C. Antibacterial activity test revealed that Ty-CsNG reduced the MIC by 4 -6 times in comparison to free thymol. In addition, the expression of biofilm-related genes including ompA, and pgaB were significantly down-regulated after treatment of strains with Ty-CsNG (P < 0.05). In addition, free CsNG displayed negligible cytotoxicity against HEK-293 normal cell lines and presented a biocompatible nanoscale delivery system. Based on the results, it can be concluded that Ty-CsNG can be considered a promising candidate for enhancing antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities.

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Section: Particle Size Zeta Potential and Morphology Of The Ty-csngmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[20] Medina et al reported the synthesized Chitosan thymol nanoparticles had a 273 hydrodynamic diameter (Z average = 175 � 21) similar to the diameter measured by TEM (153 � 42) were obtained. [21]…”

Section: Particle Size Zeta Potential and Morphology Of The Ty-csngmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication and Characterization of Thymol‐Loaded Chitosan Nanogels: Improved Antibacterial and Anti‐Biofilm Activities with Negligible Cytotoxicity

Gharaghie

Beiranvand

Riahi

et al. 2022

Chemistry & Biodiversity

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“…However, its commercial application is limited due to its hydrophobic nature and low water solubility [ 8 , 10 ]. Several types of delivery and encapsulation systems have been investigated and evaluated to enhance the water solubility of thymol; for example, Nasrabadi et al [ 11 ] improved the water solubility and bioaccessibility of thymol via encapsulating it into Pickering emulsions; Cakir et al [ 12 ] fabricated thymol loaded chitosan nanoparticles via ionic gelation method to overcome the limitation of thymol; and nanoliposome was applied by Heckler et al [ 13 ] to encapsulate free thymol as antimicrobials in food products. Normally, thymol as a lipophilic element has been encapsulated in delivery systems via dissolving thymol into organic liquid firstly, which is criticized as leading to high costs and potential damage to the consumer’s health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of Caseinate Stabilized Thymol Nanosuspensions via the pH-Driven Method: Enhancement in Water Solubility of Thymol

Zhou

Zhang

et al. 2021

Foods

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Thymol has been applied as a spice and antibacterial agent in commercial products. However, the utilization of thymol in the food and pharmaceutical field has recently been limited by its poor water solubility and stability. In this work, a caseinate-stabilized thymol nanosuspension was fabricated by pH-driven methods to overcome those limitations. Firstly, the chemical stability of thymol at different pH value conditions was investigated. The physiochemical properties of thymol nanosuspensions were then characterized, such as average particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity. Meanwhile, the X-ray diffraction results showed that thymol was present as an amorphous state in the nanosuspensions. The thermal stability of thymol was slightly enhanced by encapsulation through this process, and the thymol nanosuspensions were stable during the long-term storage, and the average particle size of nanosuspensions showed that there was no aggregation of nanosuspensions during storage and high temperature. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of thymol nanosuspensions was evaluated by investigating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Salmomella enterca, Staphlococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. These results could provide useful information and implications for promoting the application of thymol in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical commercial products.

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“…During the process of nanofinishing, the bioactive functionality remains confined to the surface layers only and the bulk properties of the material, as a result, remain intact while it still acquires desired feature of an infection-resistant material . The traditional herbal medicine system involving essential oils, curcumin, and aloe vera (AV) and other natural carriers has become the domain of enormous potential and interest to the medical fraternity. − Among biopolymers, chitosan has been the most favored matrix for the nanoencapsulation of the bioactive moieties. , Different bioactive agents such as AV, curcumin, essential oils, metal salts, drugs, and antibiotics have been used for developing coated functional textiles. − Several studies have been carried out where different bioactive nanogels have been used for the finishing of cotton. ,,,, Bacciarelli-Ulacha et al reported the finishing of cotton fabric using the in situ synthesis of nanosilver particles by screen-printing and padding-squeezing techniques . In a similar work, antimicrobial formulations were prepared by utilizing phytic acid (myoinositol 1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate; PA)-stabilized silver nanoparticles for the finishing of cotton fabric .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14−16 Among biopolymers, chitosan has been the most favored matrix for the nanoencapsulation of the bioactive moieties. 17,18 Different bioactive agents such as AV, curcumin, essential oils, metal salts, drugs, and antibiotics have been used for developing coated functional textiles. 19−21 Several studies have been carried out where different bioactive nanogels have been used for the finishing of cotton.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioactive Khadi Cotton Fabric by Functional Designing and Immobilization of Nanosilver Nanogels

Verma¹,

Gupta²,

Singh³

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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The antimicrobial finishing is the most suitable alternative for designing medical textiles for biomedical applications. The present investigation aims at the preparation of skin-contacting khadi cotton fabric that would prevent microbial infection and offer excellent skin compatibility. A simple approach has been followed for the preparation of bioactive nanogels for antimicrobial finishing of the khadi cotton fabric. Bioactive nanogels were synthesized by using aloe vera (AV) as a reducing agent for silver ions in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). PVA stabilizes the growth of silver nanoparticles, which is influenced by the variation in the reaction time and the temperature. Nanogels were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The nanogels exhibited strong antimicrobial behavior against both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as confirmed by the colony count method. Almost 100% antibacterial behavior was observed for the nanosilver content of 10 mM. The nanogel-finished khadi fabric showed bactericidal properties against both S. aureus and E. coli. The nanogel-finished fabric exhibited high hydrophilicity allowing complete water droplet penetration within 10 s as compared to 136 s in virgin fabric. Moreover, the skin irritation study of the fabric on male Swiss albino mice did not show any appearance of dermal toxicity. These results demonstrated that the bioactive finished khadi fabric is appropriate as skin contacting material in human health care.

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Optimization of production parameters for fabrication of thymol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles

Cited by 39 publications

References 28 publications

Fabrication and Characterization of Thymol‐Loaded Chitosan Nanogels: Improved Antibacterial and Anti‐Biofilm Activities with Negligible Cytotoxicity

Fabrication and Characterization of Thymol‐Loaded Chitosan Nanogels: Improved Antibacterial and Anti‐Biofilm Activities with Negligible Cytotoxicity

Fabrication of Caseinate Stabilized Thymol Nanosuspensions via the pH-Driven Method: Enhancement in Water Solubility of Thymol

Bioactive Khadi Cotton Fabric by Functional Designing and Immobilization of Nanosilver Nanogels

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