Optimization of RF electrodes for electro-optic modulator based on quantum-confined Stark effect

Stepanenko, Mikhail; Kulinich, Ivan V.; Yunusov, Igor

doi:10.1088/1742-6596/1145/1/012028

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The maximal frequency of the EO conversion f 3dBeo was chosen to be 40 GHz. The values of P = 150 µm [21], C µ pin = 192 pF/m [22], and |S 21 | 1 = 0.923 were obtained for this particular TWE design and the specified value of f 3dBeo .…”

Section: Input Parameter Limitsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The part of Equation (39) after the "-" sign represents the minimal optical power in the output of the EOM that can be obtained. This follows from (22) under the condition of ∆ϕ = π.…”

Section: Target Eom Parameter Calculation Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The intensity of the light in the output I out of the EOM depends on ∆ϕ and intensities of the light in the outputs of the EOM arms I 1 and I 2 . The I out can be calculated using (22) [17].…”

Section: Refractive Index Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This equation describes the result of light interference, which occurs at the point of conjunction of the EOM arms. Function (22) is continuous, which provides either analog or digital optical signal modulation.…”

Section: Refractive Index Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The case when C µ pin has a maximal available value is preferable for obtaining the maximal efficiency of the EO conversion. An example of TWE optimization based on this principle is given in [22]; 3.…”

Section: Target Eom Parameter Calculation Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Parameter Optimization of an InP Electro-Optic Modulator

et al. 2020

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In this article, a method for indium phosphide (InP) electro-optic modulator (EOM) optimization is introduced. The method can be used for the design and analysis of an EOM based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) design. This design is based on the division of the input optical signal into two optical paths and then, after processing, it combines the light into a single waveguide. The symmetry of the structure can provide state-of-the-art EOM characteristics with a push-pull control signal. Using a traveling wave electrode (TWE) design as a starting point, the authors varied the heterostructure design and optical waveguide parameters to obtain the optimal values of initial optical loss, evenness of the initial optical loss in the operating wavelength range, and the extinction ratio and length of the modulator arm. The key features of the proposed optimization method include the following: all independent input parameters are linked into a single system, where the relationship between the electrical and optical parameters of the modulator is realized; all physically realizable combinations of the input parameters are available for analysis; and EOM optimization is possible for one target parameter or for a group of target parameters. The results of the EOM optimization using the described method are presented.

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Section: Input Parameter Limitsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The part of Equation (39) after the "-" sign represents the minimal optical power in the output of the EOM that can be obtained. This follows from (22) under the condition of ∆ϕ = π.…”

Section: Target Eom Parameter Calculation Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Refractive Index Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Refractive Index Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Target Eom Parameter Calculation Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multi-Parameter Optimization of an InP Electro-Optic Modulator

et al. 2020

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Ultrafast Electro‐Absorption Switching in Colloidal CdSe/CdS Core/Shell Quantum Dots Driven by Intense THz Pulses

Gollner

Jutas

Kreil

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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Next‐generation high‐speed optical networks demand the development of ultrafast optical interconnects capable of Tbit s−1 data rates. By utilizing colloidal CdSe/CdS core/shell quantum dots, gated by intense THz pulses, a proof of concept of an all‐optical femtosecond electro‐absorption switch is presented in this work. Without any additional enhancement of the THz electric field, an extinction contrast of more than 6 dB and transmission changes in the visible of more than 15% are achieved, with the latter setting a new record for solution‐processed electro‐absorption materials at room temperature. The absence of physical artifacts, originating from electrodes and field enhancing structures, allows to employ a simple and intuitive numerical model, which rationalizes the large field‐induced electro‐absorption response. Supported by theoretical calculations, the importance of the energy band alignment of heterostructure quantum dots are discussed for the first time and suggest that further improvement of the modulation depth and contrast may be achieved with Type‐II quantum dots.

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