Optimization of salt adsorption rate in membrane capacitive deionization

Zhao, Ruihua; Satpradit, On-Anong; Rijnaarts, H.H.M.; Biesheuvel, P.M.; Wal, A. van der

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2013.01.025

Cited by 302 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13] Applications predominantly electrochemical in nature include batteries [14][15][16] and fuel cells, [17][18][19] while capacitive effects are most important for supercapacitors, [20][21][22][23][24][25][26] water desalination by (membrane) capacitive deionization, [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and techniques where energy is harvested in a cyclic manner from the controlled mixing of fresh river water and saline sea water. [44][45][46][47][48] In these millifluidic flow techniques for desalination and energy harvesting, water flows through the space in betwe...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, it is useful to consider the opposite limit of the GCS-model, namely that the Debye length is much larger (not smaller) than the typical micropore size. 13,41,42,43 In that case we can assume that across the micropore the potential is constant (the typical approach in Donnanbased models), different from the potential in the macropores by the Donnan potential, ∆φ D . 52 We modify this standard Donnan concept by including a Stern layer between the electrolyte-filled micropore volume and the electrically-conducting matrix phase, with a concommitant Stern layer voltage, ∆φ S .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemistry and capacitive charging of porous electrodes in asymmetric multicomponent electrolytes

2012

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemistry and capacitive charging of porous electrodes in asymmetric multicomponent electrolytes

2012

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“…3 and 4 does not appear very large, they might be enhanced in practical CDI systems. Namely, CDI systems generally use porous electrodes with relative surface areas of 1,000 m 2 /g [18], whereas in our system, the electrode area is only ∼5 times the cross-sectional area of the microfluidic flow channel. A Faradaic leakage current scales to some extent with the surface area in the presence of a convective flow and might thus result in a pH wave with a larger magnitude than observed in this work, which can hinder the desalination performance of a CDI device.…”

Section: Simulation Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main focus of interest included (i) regeneration speed and efficiency of the electrode material for ion storage capacity and (ii) increase of energy efficiency and ion selectivity [13][14][15][16][17][18]. The approach in these studies has been to measure the ion concentrations of the in and effluent water stream in order to determine the response of the entire system [5,9,13,[19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of pH waves on capacitive charging in microfluidic flow channels

Roelofs

Soestbergen

Odijk

et al. 2014

Ionics

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Novel energy-efficient desalination techniques, such as capacitive deionization (CDI), are a key element for the future of the fresh water supply, which is increasingly under stress due to the ever-growing world population and ongoing climate changes. CDI is a desalination technique where salt ions are removed from a flow channel by the application of an electrical potential difference across this channel and are stored in electrical double layers. The aim of this work is to visualize and explain the charging process of CDI using a new microfluidic approach. Namely, we implement the geometry of CDI on a chip and visualize the ion distributions in the channel using fluorescence microscopy. In contrast to normal CDI, our system was operated in the absence of flow, using non-porous electrodes. By using two pH-sensitive fluorescence dyes, we found the formation of pH waves across the channel, even though the system is operated at low potential differences in order to suppress Faradaic reactions, such as water splitting. From simulations of the transport process, we found that a small current density in the order of 0.1 A m −2 can trigger the formation of such pH waves. CDI generally benefits from large electrode areas relative to the channel cross section. However, this large area ratio will also increase the magnitude of these waves, which might lead to a reduction in desalination efficiency.

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“…According to Zhao et al [1], around two-thirds of population in the world will face water scarcity by 2025. In order to acquire an acceptable standard for the drinking water, desalination technology is needed to be a solution for fulfilling the requirement of fresh water from sea water, brackish water, and groundwater [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon electrode for desalination purpose in capacitive deionization

Endarko¹,

Fadilah²,

Anggoro

2016

AIP Conference Proceedings

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Performance analysis of carbon electrode synthesized with poly (vinyl alcohol) and citric acid as cross-linking agent for desalination of NaCl solution in capacitive deionization AIP Conference Proceedings 1788, 030107 (2017) Abstract. Carbon electrodes for desalination purpose have been successfully synthesized using activated carbon powder (BET surface area = 700 -1400 m 2 /g), carbon black and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) binder by cross-linking method with glutaric acid (GA) at 120 C. The electrochemical properties of the carbon electrodes were analyzed using electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) whilst the physical properties were observed with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). In order to assess the desalting performance, salt removal experiments were performed by constructing a capacitive deionization unit cell with five pairs of carbon electrodes. For each pair consisted of two parallel carbon electrodes separated by a spacer. Desalination and regeneration processes were also observed in the salt-removal experiments. The salt-removal experiments were carried out in single-pass mode using a solution with 0.1 M NaCl at a flow rate of 10 mL/min. A voltage of 3 V was applied to the cell for 60 minutes for both processes in desalination and regeneration. The result showed that the percentage value of the salt-removal was achieved at 20%.

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Optimization of salt adsorption rate in membrane capacitive deionization

Cited by 302 publications

References 33 publications

Electrochemistry and capacitive charging of porous electrodes in asymmetric multicomponent electrolytes

Electrochemistry and capacitive charging of porous electrodes in asymmetric multicomponent electrolytes

Effect of pH waves on capacitive charging in microfluidic flow channels

Carbon electrode for desalination purpose in capacitive deionization

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