Optimization of Synthesis Parameters of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Based on Ionic Liquid by Experimental Design and Its Application as a Drug Delivery Agent

Abstract

Optimization is a process utilized to discover the best condition to generate the best possible outcome. One of the common optimization method used in the field of chemistry is response surface methodology (RSM). This method consists of mathematical and statistical techniques which relate the responses with the variables of interest. There are many experimental designs in RSM, and one of the most common one is the Box-Behnken design (BBD). In this work, BBD was employed to analyze the main effects and interactions of the reaction temperature, amount of template, and amount of triethanolamine (TEA) on the two responses which are the surface area (SA) and particle size (PS) of ionic liquid templated mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). It was found that the SA and PS were fitted with linear and quadratic models, respectively. MSNs with the highest surface area (999.051 m2 g-1) was chosen for the application of drug delivery; thus, drug loading and drug release experiments were conducted. From these studies, it was found that 37% of drug (quercetin) was successfully encapsulated in MSN and, in 48 hours, 32% of the drug was released.

Recent Advances in Magnetite Nanoparticle Functionalization for Nanomedicine

“…Mesoporous silica, such as MCM-41 or SBA-15 have grown in interest due to their biocompatibility [95][96][97] and highly controlled porosity [98][99][100], which enable their use as controlled drug delivery platforms [101,102]. In order to obtain mesoporous silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles, a similar approach as in Fe 3 O 4 @ amorphous SiO 2 can be employed, but additionally an organic agent is used as template for the pore structure [103][104][105].…”

Progress in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Agents for Cancer Treatment

“…A similar result was reported by the Möller research group [ 40 ]. However, our group and other work discovered a contradicting result where the particle size decreased with an increase of TEA [ 7 , 22 ]. Therefore, there may be other factors affecting the particle size.…”

“…By increasing its amount from 0 to 0.1 moles, the MSNs particle size decreased from 200 nm to 40 nm [ 47 ]. Synthesis temperature also affected the particle size of MSNs, where bigger particles were generated at elevated synthesis temperature [ 7 , 43 ]. Overall, the main components that affect the MSNs’ particle size can be summarized to the solution pH, template, presence of additives and reaction temperature.…”

“…MSNs can be defined as silica materials within the nanometer range that contain porosity. According to IUPAC classification, MSNs’ pores diameter is within 2 to 50 nm [ 7 ]. It was first discovered by Mobil Oil Research group, and it was named M41S [ 8 ].…”

Recent Advances in Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticle-Mediated Drug Delivery for Breast Cancer Treatment

“…Steric stabilization by longer alkyl chains of the capping agent could also be a strategy to obtain a low PS [ 88 , 89 ]. Other significant efforts in this direction noticed a formation of larger-sized particles at higher temperatures, although the intermolecular forces are weakened with increasing temperatures due to the enhanced kinetic energy of the molecules [ 90 , 91 ].…”