Optimization of the Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Ni–W–P Coatings on Magnesium Alloys by the Response Surface Methodology

Liu, Bin; Zhang, Qing; Li, Yang; Yang, Yuebo; Zhang, Tao; Wang, Yanqiu; Shao, Yawei; Sun, Haiou; Wang, Zhongyi; Wang, Fuhui

doi:10.3390/coatings11010018

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…It can be seen that our result for θ c is consistent with that of Lattice QCD in Ref. [10] if the uncertainty is taken into account.…”

Section: Numerical Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

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Revisiting $$\Xi _{Q}-\Xi _{Q}^{\prime }$$ mixing in QCD sum rules

Sun,

Zhang,

Shi

et al. 2023

Eur. Phys. J. C

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In this work, we perform a QCD sum rules analysis on $$\Xi _{Q}-\Xi _{Q}^{\prime }$$ Ξ Q - Ξ Q ′ mixing. Contributions from up to dimension-6 four-quark operators are considered. However, it turns out that only dimension-4 and dimension-5 operators contribute, which reveals the non-perturbative nature of mixing. In particular, we observe that only the diagrams with the two light quarks participating in gluon exchange contribute to the mixing. Our results indicate that the mixing angle $$\theta _{c}=(1.2\sim 2.8)^{\circ }$$ θ c = ( 1.2 ∼ 2.8 ) ∘ for the $$Q=c$$ Q = c case and $$\theta _{b}=(0.28\sim 0.34)^{\circ }$$ θ b = ( 0.28 ∼ 0.34 ) ∘ for the $$Q=b$$ Q = b case. Our prediction of $$\theta _{c}$$ θ c is consistent with the most recent Lattice QCD result within error. Such a small mixing angle seems unlikely to resolve the tension between the recent experimental measurement from Belle and Lattice QCD calculation for the semileptonic decay $$\Xi _{c}^{0}\rightarrow \Xi ^{-} e^{+}\nu _{e}$$ Ξ c 0 → Ξ - e + ν e .

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“…It can be seen that our result for θ c is consistent with that of Lattice QCD in Ref. [10] if the uncertainty is taken into account.…”

Section: Numerical Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

“…In Ref. [10], the result of Lattice QCD shows that this mixing angle is equal to 1.2 • ± 0.1 • . More theoretical predictions can be found in Table 2.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Revisiting $$\Xi _{Q}-\Xi _{Q}^{\prime }$$ mixing in QCD sum rules

Sun,

Zhang,

Shi

et al. 2023

Eur. Phys. J. C

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“…In recent decades, scholars have successfully developed two methods to obtain electroless composite coatings. One is the co-deposition of other metal cations with Ni ions in a bath, to achieve multielement electroless coatings, such as Ni-Cu-P [6], Ni-Mo-P [7], and Ni-W-P [8,9] coatings. The other is the incorporation of micro-or nanoscale particles to simple Ni-P coatings, such as hard particle SiC [10], B 4 C [11], Al 2 O 3 [12], Si 3 N 4 [13,14], soft particle CeO 2 [15] and WS 2 [16] to enhance the wear resistance, corrosion resistance or selflubricating properties of the coatings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Tribological Behavior of Electroless Plating Ni-P-Si3N4-WS2 Composite Coatings

et al. 2023

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Electroless nickel composite coatings have the potential for high-temperature tribological applications, and a combination of high wear resistance and low friction factor is one of the desirable solutions but still a tricky problem. The addition of self-lubricating WS2 and hard Si3N4 nanoparticles to the Ni-P coatings is expected to obtain good high-temperature tribological performance. In this work, Ni-P-Si3N4-WS2 composite coatings with various contents of WS2 nanoparticles were prepared using electroless plating and subsequently annealed at 400 °C in an inert atmosphere. The tribological properties of the coatings were evaluated using a ball-on-disc wear instrument at operating temperatures from 25 to 600 °C. The microstructure, chemical composition, and surface morphology of the coatings were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), energy disperse spectroscopy (EDS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Upon increasing the WS2 dosage in the bath, the WS2 content in the coating increased and the micro-hardness of the as-plated coating increased from 539 to 717 HV. After heat treatment, the coating underwent a crystallization process, and the hardness increased from 878 to 1094 HV. The main wear mechanism of the coating changed from adhesive wear in the as-plated state to abrasive wear in the annealed state. The annealed Ni-P-Si3N4-WS2 coating with a WS2 dosage of 2.5 g/L in the bath exhibited excellent mechanical properties, with a hardness of 10.9 GPa, a friction coefficient of ~0.51, and a wear rate of 8.4 × 10−15 m3N−1⋅m−1 at room temperature, and maintained optimal performance at high temperatures. At operating temperatures of 200, 400, and 600 °C, the form of wear was adhesive wear for coatings with a WS2 dosage <1.5 g/L and abrasive wear for coatings with a WS2 dosage ≥1.5 g/L. The synergism of WS2 and Si3N4 particles refined the grains of the Ni-P matrix in as-plated coatings and obviously reduced the friction coefficient of friction pairs in annealed coatings at all operating temperatures.

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Influence of W/Cu Ratio on the Dry Sliding Wear Characteristics of Annealed Nickel-Based Poly Alloy Coatings

Roy

2024

J. of Materi Eng and Perform

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Optimization of the Corrosion Resistance of Electroless Ni–W–P Coatings on Magnesium Alloys by the Response Surface Methodology

Cited by 6 publications

References 25 publications

Revisiting $$\Xi _{Q}-\Xi _{Q}^{\prime }$$ mixing in QCD sum rules

Revisiting $$\Xi _{Q}-\Xi _{Q}^{\prime }$$ mixing in QCD sum rules

High Temperature Tribological Behavior of Electroless Plating Ni-P-Si3N4-WS2 Composite Coatings

Influence of W/Cu Ratio on the Dry Sliding Wear Characteristics of Annealed Nickel-Based Poly Alloy Coatings

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