Optimization of the electrokinetic sample introduction in capillary electrophoresis for the ultra trace determination of anions on silicon wafer surfaces

Approaches to enhancing the sensitivity of capillary electrophoresis methods for the determination of inorganic and small organic anions

“…In many cases, the conditions used for ITP preconcentration have been selected arbitrarily, but Ehmann et al [65] used the methodology of Taguchi to optimise the electrolyte type and concentration (of both leading and terminating electrolytes) and injection parameters for the preconcentration of inorganic anions. The final optimal conditions consisted of using acetate as the terminating ion added to the sample, and a small hydrodynamic injection of hydroxide as the leading ion prior to electrokinetic injection.…”

Capillary electrophoresis for short‐chain organic acids and inorganic anions in different samples

“…Results obtained by CE during the determination of LMW ionic compounds in electrodeposition coatings [136], a wide variety of samples, ranging from simple aqueous solutions to complex plant organic streams [73], silicon wafer surfaces [82] showed excellent agreement with those achieved by IC; in a systematic approach to the separation of mono-and hydroxycarboxylic acids in environmental samples by IC and CE. Souza and coworkers [42] concluded that a complete characterization of all analytes could not be achieved by IC due to coelution of certain analytes.…”

“…As chromophore and buffer have been employed phtalate [11,15,18,62,67,72,73,91,98,100], benzoate [9,36,81,82,85,86], PDC [5,6,10,14,20,25,38,61,75], TMA [22,45,54,57,58,74], MES [16,31], PMA [36,37,41,82], 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid with e-aminocaproic acid [35,96], 1,2-dimethylimidazole and trimellitic acid [13], p-hydroxybenzoate [40,43,47,63], p-anisate [84], 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid [42], salicylic acid with Tris [48,52], benzoic acid and Tris [107], NDC [39], ...…”

“…That is the cause why in the present paper very different pathologies are included and many times physiological compounds not associated with a pathological increase, but appearing in the electrophoretic profile in the analytical conditions. Table 1 summarizes the works published on food and beverages , Table 2 on environmental samples , Table 3 on industrial processes [64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81][82], Table 4 on miscellaneous samples of diverse origin [83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90], and Table 5 on body fluids [2,15,43, (see Addendum pp. 1964Addendum pp.…”

Detection of hexamethonium‐perchlorate association complexes using NACE‐MS

“…CE with indirect UV detection was applied to the forensic analysis of perchlorate and other chlorine oxide anions [16] and for the analysis of perchlorate in semiconductor washes [17]. Early CE work also made use of ionic conductivity [18], Raman spectroscopy [19], and specific ion electrode [20] detectors for perchlorate, but these experimental systems are not readily available.…”