Optimization of the force and power consumption of a microfabricated magnetic actuator

Zárate, Juan José; Tosolini, Giordano; Petroni, Simona; Vittorio, Massimo De; Shea, Herbert

doi:10.1016/j.sna.2015.08.007

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…An EMA is constructed from an inductor in proximity to a permanent magnet. A typical arrangement is illustrated in Figure A . A permanent magnet is suspended using an elastomer membrane centered over a planar coil.…”

Section: Physical Principles Of Actuation Via Emerging Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Material Technologies for Haptics

Biswas

Visell

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

114

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The sense of touch is involved in nearly all human activities, but information technologies for displaying tactile sensory information to the skin are rudimentary when compared to state‐of‐the‐art video and audio displays, or to tactile perceptual capabilities. Realizing tactile displays with good perceptual fidelity will require major advances in engineering, design, and fabrication. Research over several decades has highlighted the difficulties of meeting the required performance benchmarks using conventional devices, processes, and techniques. This has highlighted the important role that will be played by new material technologies that can bridge the electronic and mechanical domains. This must occur at the smallest scales, because of the great perceptual spatial and temporal acuity of the sense of touch. The requirements involved also furnish valuable performance benchmarks against which many emerging material technologies are being evaluated. This article highlights recent research and possibilities enabled through new material technologies, ranging from organic electronic materials, to carbon nanomaterials, and a variety of composites. Emerging material technologies are surveyed for the sense of touch, including sensory considerations and requirements, materials, actuation principles, and design and fabrication methods. A conclusion reflects on the main open challenges and future prospects for research in this area.

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Section: Physical Principles Of Actuation Via Emerging Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Material Technologies for Haptics

Biswas

Visell

2019

Adv Materials Technologies

114

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“…Compared with our previously presented design using simple magnets [8], the inclusion of a ferromagnetic shielding (pot-magnets) adds two questions to the analysis. Firstly, how effective is the pot-magnet to reduce the taxel-taxel magnetic interaction.…”

Section: Device Conceptmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optimizing the actuation force (F) and power consumption (P) by adjusting device geometry was extensively discussed in our previous work [8]. Using a single figure of merit / , we formulated guidelines to obtain an optimal coil design for a given size of permanent magnet.…”

Section: B Actuation Force With and Without Shieldingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter option adds significant mass, and is not well suited to light and portable devices. In our previous work we proposed an alternating up/down magnet orientation on the array as a third option to partially cancel the static magnetic field [8]. In the present work we add a complementary and much more effective solution, by embedding each permanent magnet in thin ferromagnetic material thus forming a pot-magnet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…In the framework of the BlindPAD project 1 we are developing a personal, portable and low cost tactile display. We recently presented the modeling, testing and optimization of a single EM actuator based on a permanent magnet displaced by a planar microcoil [8]. Here we present a working prototype of an array of 4x4 taxels on a 8 mm pitch with nearly no taxel cross-talk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Using Pot-Magnets to Enable Stable and Scalable Electromagnetic Tactile Displays

Zárate

Shea

2017

IEEE Trans. Haptics

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Abstract-We present the design, fabrication, characterization and psychophysical testing of a scalable haptic display based on electromagnetic (EM) actuators. The display consists of a 4x4 array of taxels, each of which can be in a raised or a lowered position, thus generating different static configurations. One of the most challenging aspects when designing densely-packed arrays of EM actuators is obtaining large actuation forces while simultaneously generating only weak interactions between neighboring taxels. In this work we introduce a lightweight and effective magnetic shielding architecture. The moving part of each taxel is a cylindrical permanent magnet embedded in a ferromagnetic pot, forming a pot-magnet. An array of planar microcoils attracts or repels each pot-magnet. This configuration reduces the interaction between neighboring magnets by more than one order of magnitude, while the coil/magnet interaction is only reduced by 10%. For 4 mm diameter pins on an 8 mm pitch, we obtained displacements of 0.55 mm and forces of 40 mN using 1.7 W. We measured the accuracy of human perception under two actuation configurations which differed in the force vs. displacement curve. We obtained 91% of correct answers in pulling configuration and 100% in pushing configuration.

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Skin‐Integrated Vibrohaptic Interfaces for Virtual and Augmented Reality

Jung

Kim²,

2020

Adv Funct Materials

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Haptic technology involves the use of electrical or mechanical means to stimulate afferent nerves or mechanoreceptors in the skin as the basis for creating sensations of physical touch that can qualitatively expand virtual or augmented reality experiences beyond those supported by visual and auditory cues alone. An emerging direction in this field involves the development of platforms that provide spatiotemporal patterns of sensation to the skin across not only the fingertips, but to any and all regions of the body, using thin, skin‐like technologies that impose negligible physical burden on the user. This review highlights the biological basis for skin interfaces of this type and the latest advances in haptics in the context of this ambitious goal, including electrotactile and vibrotactile devices that support perceptions of touch in form factors that have potential as skin‐integrated interfaces. The content includes a discussion of schemes for integrating these stimulators into programmable arrays, with an emphasis on scalable materials and designs that have the potential to support soft interfaces across large areas of the skin. A concluding section summarizes the potential consequences of successful research efforts in this area, along with key multidisciplinary challenges and associated research opportunities in materials science and engineering.

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Optimization of the force and power consumption of a microfabricated magnetic actuator

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Emerging Material Technologies for Haptics

Emerging Material Technologies for Haptics

Using Pot-Magnets to Enable Stable and Scalable Electromagnetic Tactile Displays

Skin‐Integrated Vibrohaptic Interfaces for Virtual and Augmented Reality

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