Optimization of ultrasound-assisted extraction of flavonoid compounds and their pharmaceutical activity from curry leaf (Murraya koenigii L.) using response surface methodology

Abstract

BackgroundExtraction prior to component analysis is the primary step in the recovery and isolation of bioactive phytochemicals from plant materials.MethodsResponse surface methodology was applied to optimize ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions followed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to achieve high catechin, myricetin, and quercetin contents, and high antioxidant and anticancer activities in the curry leaf extracts. The antioxidant and anticancer activities of the leaf extracts were determined by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays, respectively. The central composite experimental design (3-level, 3-factorial) was employed to consider the effects of ultrasonic power (80–150 W), temperature (40–80°C), and methanol dilution (40–80%) on the properties of the curry leaf extracts.ResultsIt was found that ultrasonic power of 145.49 W at 55.9°C with 80% methanol was the most appropriate set of conditions for the extraction of catechin, myricetin, and quercetin from curry leaves with the consequent high antioxidant activity. Using the optimum extraction conditions, the extraction yields of catechin, myricetin, and quercetin were 0.482, 0.517, and 0.394 mg/g DW, respectively, and the antioxidant activity was enhanced to 83%. The optimized extract showed more distinct anticancer activity against HeLa cancer cells in a concentration of 67.2 μg/mL (P < 0.01) without toxicity to normal cells.ConclusionsThe results indicated that the pharmaceutical quality of curry leaves could be improved significantly by optimizing the extraction process using response surface methodology.

Direct ultrasound-assisted extraction and characterization of phenolic compounds from fresh houseleek (Sempervivum marmoreum L.) leaves

“…Similar results have been obtained for UAE of phenolic compounds from Cassia auriculata [41], curry [42], and fresh tulsi leaves [43].…”

Rice Bran as a Functional Food: An Overview of the Conversion of Rice Bran into a Superfood/Functional Food

“…Of these, solvent, supercritical fluid, microwave-assisted and ultrasonic-assisted extraction are notable. Microwave-assisted extraction and ultrasound-assisted methods are used to detect antioxidant and anticancer bioactive components in the plant extracts [35,36]. Imsanguan et al described conventional solvent extraction, with different modifications at different temperatures (32-60°C), using 100 ml hexane at a rotating speed of 200 rpm for 24 h to extract γ-oryzanol from rice bran [37].…”

Utilization of Response Surface Methodology in Optimization of Extraction of Plant Materials

“…Ghasemzadeh et al [20] found that ANOVA for predicted model of antioxidant activity was significant (F-value 17.21, P < 0.0001) with a good coefficient of determination (R 2 = 0.98). They also observed that extraction variables showed significant (P < 0.01) quadratic and linear effects on the antioxidant activity and the predicted model obtained for DPPH (Y 4 ) was as follows:…”

“…To optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions followed by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) to achieve high catechin, myricetin, and quercetin contents, and high antioxidant and anticancer activities in the curry leaf extracts, RSM was applied by Ghasemzadeh et al [20]. They used the central composite experimental design (3-level, 3-factorial) to determine the optimum extraction parameters affecting the extraction yields of catechin (Y1), myricetin (Y2), quercetin (Y3), and antioxidant activity (Y4) of curry leaf extracts [20].…”

“…They used the central composite experimental design (3-level, 3-factorial) to determine the optimum extraction parameters affecting the extraction yields of catechin (Y1), myricetin (Y2), quercetin (Y3), and antioxidant activity (Y4) of curry leaf extracts [20].…”