Wireless communication is a basis of the vision of connected and automated vehicles (CAVs). Given the heterogeneity of both wireless communication technologies and CAV applications, one question that is critical to technology road-mapping and policy making is which communication technology is more suitable for a specific CAV application. Focusing on the technical aspect of this question, we present a multi-scale spatiotemporal perspective of wireless communication technologies as well as canonical CAV applications in active safety, fuel economy and emission control, vehicle automation, and vehicular infotainment. Our analysis shows that CAV applications in the regime of small spatiotemporal scale communication requirements are best supported by V2V communications, applications in the regime of large spatiotemporal scale communication requirements are better supported by cellular communications, and applications in the regime of small spatial scale but medium-to-large temporal scale can be supported by both V2V and cellular communications and provide the opportunity of leveraging heterogeneous communication resources.
I. INTRODUCTIONTransforming the traditional paradigm of single-vehicle-oriented optimization and operation, next-generation vehicles are expected to coordinate with one another, transportation infrastructures, Internet clouds, and people in maximizing the safety, sustainability, and comfort of road transportation. One basic enabler of this vision of connected and automated vehicle (CAV) operation is for vehicles to wirelessly communicate with one another, transportation infrastructures, Internet clouds, and people. Given the wide spectrum of available wireless communication technologies (e.g., cellular and DSRC) and the heterogeneity of CAV applications envisioned, there has been heated debate on the exact wireless communication technologies to be used for CAVs, and complex factors such as market penetration of new technologies have complicated this debate. Towards a thorough technical examination of the debate and for enabling strategic planning of technology roadmap, we analyze different categories of CAV applications by examining their spatiotemporal scales of communication requirements, and we analyze capacity limits of different wireless communication alternatives. Based on this analysis, we make recommendations on technology planning.The rest of this article is organized as follows. In Section II, we review representative CAV applications and their communication requirements. In Section III, we comparatively analyze cellular communication and V2V communication in supporting CAV applications. We make concluding remarks in Section IV.