Optimize the Condition for Enzymatic Degumming of Crude Soybean Oil

Abstract

High phosphatide containing oils like soybean oil, have two types of phosphatide (gum) namely, the hydratable and non-hydratable. Simple water degumming will not remove non-hydratable gums. Water degumming alone is not satisfactorily to reduce the gum content below 10ppm to enable the physical refining. Therefore enzymatic process is used together with water degumming. The enzymatic degumming process was employed to reduce the level of phosphatide (P) less than 10ppm in 10h of duration without mixing. A combined degumming process a normal mixing speedup the reduction of the gum level to less than 10ppm in 7h of mixing duration, while a combined degumming process exhibiting a normal mixing followed by initial emulsification (15min) speedup the reduction of the gum level to less than 10ppm in 6h of mixing duration. On the other hand initial emulsification (15min) with normal mixing (2000rpm) at 2ml enzyme level gave the same result 5h. Gum level of the water degummed oil (150ppm to 180ppm), which was used as a starting material for the two-step process was efficiently reduced to less than 10ppm within 4h. Initial emulsification (15min) with normal mixing (1000rpm), 1ml enzyme level the water degummed oil gave the phosphatide (P) less than 10ppm 3h. This condition is thus most preferable. Among these process the initial emulsification with normal mixing was given better result than the normal mixing, and two step process were faster than the process of combined.

A comprehensive review on degummed biodiesel

“…[ [44] Prabhaharan used this system on crude soybean oil and reported that simple water degumming will not remove nonhydratable gums but enzymatic degumming can remove all type of gums from oil. [45] Kanakraj et al also experimented with degumming of linseed oil using Lecitase Ò ultra enzyme as a degumming agent. [46] The enzymatic degumming process is very simple in operation and it is an eco-friendly process.…”

Comparison of acid degumming and enzymatic degumming process for Silybum marianum seed oil

“…Firstly, enzymatic degumming can achieve the very low phosphatide content required for physical refining, i.e. a phosphatide content of less than 15 mg kg −1 . In addition to the reduction in the amounts of acid and base used, a reduction in wastewater generated during the refining process, an enhancement in product yields and a reduction in operating costs can be achieved .…”

Optimization of degummed Linum usitatissimum methyl ester from methanolysis as a potential resource for diesel engines

“…However, based on the literature available, the enzymatic degumming technique provides significant benefits in the pretreatment processes utilized during preparation of seed oil for biodiesel. These benefits include increased yield, reduced chemical usage, improved operating efficiency, cost effectiveness and reduced waste product [Zufarov et al, 2008;Prabhaharan and Rakshit, 2009;Bo et al, 2006]. The enzymatic degumming technique is reported for rapeseed, soybean, sunflower and rice bran oils [Roy et al, 2002].…”

“…These process are limited to oils with low phospholipids contents [Dixit and Kanakraj, 2010]. Acid degumming methods have several disadvantages including corrosion of processing equipment and environmental hazards [Prabhaharan and Rakshit, 2009]. Enzymatic and soft degumming are the most current degumming processes.…”