Optimized genetic transformation of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the production of chelerythrine and skimmiamine in hairy root cultures

Abstract

Optimized genetic transformation of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides by Agrobacterium rhizogenes and the production of chelerythrine and skimmiamine in hairy root cultures Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides is an endangered African tree producing numerous bioactive substances including antileukemic and antisickling agents. Here, the potential of Z. zanthoxyloides hairy root cultures was tested for the production of bioactive substances with limited natural resources. The efficiency of Agrobacterium rhizogenes LBA9402-mediated transformation of leaf material was evaluated using different techniques. An optimal transformation frequency of 77% was obtained after 11 days by inoculating A. rhizogenes directly onto the central vein of 14-week-old leaves followed by a co-cultivation period of 3 days. Different treatments in immersion mode (manual wounding, acetosyringone, CaCl 2 , ultrasonication) never exceeded these results. A maximum growth rate of 0.37 cm/day was determined during the exponential phase. Liquid chromatography-diode array detection analysis showed the presence of skimmiamine, sesamine, chelerythrine, and chelerythrine derivatives in Z. zanthoxyloides hairy root lines. The maximum production of skimmiamine and chelerythrine in 28-day-old hairy root cultures was 45 ± 2 and 107 ± 4 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. The present results highlight the potential of Z. zanthoxyloides hairy root cultures for the sustainable production of skimmiamine and chelerythrine.

Isolation and Antitrypanosomal Characterization of Furoquinoline and Oxylipin from Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides

“…It is endowed with pharmacologically useful phytochemicals, some of which are responsible for their previously reported antitrypanosomal effects [ 14 ]. Even though compound 1 has previously been isolated from Z. zanthoxyloides [ 27 , 28 ], as well as shown to possess antitrypanosomal activity against T. b. rhodesiense and T. cruzi in a separate study [ 29 ], the complete structures and mechanisms of antitrypanosomal action for the phytochemicals of Z. zanthoxyloides have received little attention. In this study, two major phytochemicals, compound 1 (skimmianine) and compound 2 (9-oxo-10,12-octadecadienoic acid (9-oxo-ODA)) were isolated from the root of Z. zanthoxyloides and subsequently investigated for mechanisms by which they alter the cell viability, cell cycle, and cell morphology of T. brucei.…”

PetriJet Platform Technology: An Automated Platform for Culture Dish Handling and Monitoring of the Contents

“…Hairy root cultures are an innovative biotechnology-based alternative method for producing important nutritionally, physiologically, and pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites. 32…”

“…As previously shown, 22,32,33 the cultivation and analysis of hairy root networks in culture dishes has produced some interesting results. However, other plants and bacteria that can be grown in culture dishes are also suitable targets for analysis with PetriJet platform technology.…”

“…Hairy root cultures are an innovative biotechnology-based alternative method for producing important nutritionally, physiologically, and pharmaceutically active secondary metabolites. 32 When an image is obtained (as shown in Fig. 6), it is automatically uploaded to the Wimasis Image Analysis system.…”

Bioactive Compounds from Plant Origin as Natural Antimicrobial Agents for the Treatment of Wound Infections

“…Chelerythrine (Figure 5) is a type III benzophenanthridine alkaloid isolated from four plants of the families Papaveraceae (e.g., Chelidonium majus L., Macleaya cordata (Willd.) R.Br., and Sanguinaria canadensis L.) and Rutaceae (e.g., Zanthoxylum asiaticum (L.) Appelhans, Groppo & J.Wen) [145][146][147]. This bioactive compound possesses anti-inflammatory [71], antibacterial [148], antifungal [149], and antitumor [150] activities.…”