Optimized Printed Cathode Electrodes for High Performance Batteries

Abstract

The rapid technological evolution verified over the past years strongly relies on the operation of stationary and mobile electric and electronic equipments. Further, the increasing energy consumption due to the incessant growth of technological devices results in the excessive use of fossil fuels. [1,2] As such, there is a growing need to produce clean and environmental friendly energy coming from renewable energy sources, [3] respecting the principle of sustainable development, stated in the Brundtland report. [4] Electrochemical lithium-ion batteries represent an advantageous technology for this purpose, due to the high volumetric (Wh L À1) and gravimetric (Wh g À1) energy densities when compared with other conventional electrochemical batteries. [5,6] In addition, they also show several attractive features, such as the lack of memory effect, low self-discharge, high number of charge and discharge cycles, and high energy efficiency in the process of energy conversion. [7,8] It is also important to note that the global market for lithium-ion batteries is growing, expecting that the global value will reach US$77.42 billion in 2024. [9] Lithium-ion batteries are suitable for the integration in portable devices (smartphones, laptops, and tablets) [10] and smart sensors/actuators, very relevant in the "Internet of Things" (IoT), [11] contributing to the rapid implementation of the concepts of smart home, smart city, and point-of-care biomedical devices. [12,13] It also

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene): A New Binder for Conventional and Printable Lithium-Ion Batteries

“…The cathode preparation process is schematically represented in Figure . The polymer binder was dissolved in the solvent, and the conductive and active materials powders were added.…”

Gravure‐Printed Conversion/Alloying Anodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries

“…[1] Recently, a lot of progress has been made in this field in terms of optimization of materials and processes. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] The field is expected to further increase because certain novel devices, such as wearable electronics, biomedicine, and the Internet of Things require integrated thin and custom-designed batteries. [9] To date, the few industrially produced printed batteries are mostly primary, i.e., nonrechargeable cells.…”

Laser-induced highly oriented pyrolytic graphite for high-performance screen-printed electrodes

“…The mass fabrication of electrochemical sensors and biosensors, batteries and fuel cells has benefited enormously from screen-printing technologies. [1][2][3] Carbon-based materials, particularly graphite, have become dominant 4 due to their excellent balance between suitable electrochemical properties (chemical inertness, wide accessible potential window and low background currents, among others) and affordable cost. In spite of the wealth of existing carbon allotropes, screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) are mainly based on graphite 1 and amorphous carbon.…”

“…: nanotubes, 9 nanoparticles, 10 or various graphene forms 5 to improve their electrochemical properties. While these modifications result in better sensors 5 and power sources, 2 the methods are often complex and difficult to up-scale.…”