Optimized proportional-integral controller for a photovoltaic-virtual synchronous generator system

Edan, Rauof Fadhil; Mahdi, Ali Jafer; Wahab, Thamir Mohammed Abdul

doi:10.11591/ijpeds.v13.i1.pp509-519

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…SPC is a popular topology for inertia emulation that mimics the characteristics of synchronous machines, and droop control is utilized to provide auxiliary services [36], [37]. The control algorithm is analogous to that in the ISE topology, except that it has multiple control loops consisting of an outer voltage control loop and an inner current loop via virtual admittance [32].…”

Section: Synchronous Power Controller (Spc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertial issues in renewable energy integrated systems and virtual inertia techniques

Mathew,

Panikkar

2024

IJPEDS

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The global proliferation of renewable energy drastically altered the characteristics of power systems. Integration of clean energy sources reduces the inherent rotational inertia, making the system precarious and susceptible to various disturbances. The major challenges encountered are fast frequency fluctuations, voltage fluctuations, high rate of change of frequency (RoCoF), and frequency nadir. In order to address and adapt to a future low-inertia scenario, it is crucial to understand the effect of inertia on various parameters. This paper introduces a comprehensive review of the fundamental aspects of inertia and challenges that arise due to the reduction in inertia. Researchers have tackled this issue by employing various virtual inertia (VI) emulation techniques, which also have been extensively reviewed in the literature along with their merits, limitations, and recent developments. The impact of RES penetration on system dynamics is analyzed by simulating an IEEE-9 bus system with renewable energy source (RES) in MATLAB/Simulink. Furthermore, a three-phase fault is also introduced, to emphasize the effect of reduced inertia by observing the rotor angle and frequency deviation. The results validate that RES integration and fault location are observed to have a significant impact on stability parameters, making them extremely unstable.

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Section: Synchronous Power Controller (Spc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Inertial issues in renewable energy integrated systems and virtual inertia techniques

Mathew,

Panikkar

2024

IJPEDS

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“…More detail about the HM technique to reduce the order of the CLTF of the proposed power system model has been given in [48]. To stabilize power generators, grid frequency should be controlled based on the droop characteristic that relates to the generator output [49]. Figure 20 depicts the frequency response of the Bode plot for the HPS model considering the two scenarios proposed in stability analysis, with a gain margin of 1.57 and 8.71 dB and a gain cross-over frequency of 3.65 and 0.81 (rad/s) for Area I and Area II, respectively.…”

Section: Stability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Grey Wolf Assisted-Sparrow Search Algorithm for Frequency Control of RE Integrated System

et al. 2023

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Nowadays, renewable energy (RE) sources are heavily integrated into the power system due to the deregulation of the energy market along with environmental and economic benefits. The intermittent nature of RE and the stochastic behavior of loads create frequency aberrations in interconnected hybrid power systems (HPS). This paper attempts to develop an optimization technique to tune the controller optimally to regulate frequency. A hybrid Sparrow Search Algorithm-Grey Wolf Optimizer (SSAGWO) is proposed to optimize the gain values of the proportional integral derivative controller. The proposed algorithm helps to improve the original algorithms’ exploration and exploitation. The optimization technique is coded in MATLAB and applied for frequency regulation of a two-area HPS developed in Simulink. The efficacy of the proffered hybrid SSAGWO is first assessed on standard benchmark functions and then applied to the frequency control of the HPS model. The results obtained from the multi-area multi-source HPS demonstrate that the proposed hybrid SSAGWO optimized PID controller performs significantly by 53%, 60%, 20%, and 70% in terms of settling time, peak undershoot, control effort, and steady-state error values, respectively, than other state-of-the-art algorithms presented in the literature. The robustness of the proffered method is also evaluated under the random varying load, variation of HPS system parameters, and weather intermittency of RE resources in real-time conditions. Furthermore, the controller’s efficacy was also demonstrated by performing a sensitivity analysis of the proposed system with variations of 75% and 125% in the inertia constant and system loading, respectively, from the nominal values. The results show that the proposed technique damped out the transient oscillations with minimum settling time. Moreover, the stability of the system is analyzed in the frequency domain using Bode analysis.

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“…Also, the battery might store a specific amount of electricity and could only be charged and discharged so many times before it is damaged [9]. The converter is one of the most important components of a hybrid system, transforming electricity that has been generated by PV units to AC electricity and in addition to that, converting the excess AC into DC for storage in the battery in an event of a power outage [7], [19].…”

Section: Unit Sizing Of Hresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of renewable energy sources to generate electricity for remote areas, South Iraq

Kother¹,

Al-Shammari

Kother³

et al. 2022

IJPEDS

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With the rising need for utilizing renewable energy instead of traditional energies in electricity generation across the world, a broad assessment of these energies' performance is required to make the most of them everywhere. This paper looks at the techno-economics of renewable energy resources for a distant health clinic in a rural location of southern Iraq. Cost, dependability, and availability are the parameters that were considered in this study, which took into consider the power load in this scenario. Because of its efficacy, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) technique was chosen for the suggested study. Results showed that the respective optimal values for number of photovoltaics (NPV) equal to (10), number of wind turbines (NWT) equal to (5), and number of batteries (NBT) of (33), cost of energy (COE) of (0.518 US$/kWh), loss power supply probability (LPSP) of (0.073%), reliability (REL) of (99.927%) and renewable factors (RF) of (100%) with (66 %) solar energy penetration, and (34%) wind energy penetration. Finally, it was discovered that implementing a hybrid renewable energy system (HRES) is an effective way to address the electrical demands of remote rural regions in Iraq and other developing countries with similar climates.

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Optimized proportional-integral controller for a photovoltaic-virtual synchronous generator system

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Inertial issues in renewable energy integrated systems and virtual inertia techniques

Inertial issues in renewable energy integrated systems and virtual inertia techniques

A Hybrid Grey Wolf Assisted-Sparrow Search Algorithm for Frequency Control of RE Integrated System

Assessment of renewable energy sources to generate electricity for remote areas, South Iraq

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