Optimized Size and Distribution of Silver Nanoparticles on the Surface of Titanium Implant Regarding Cell Viability

Abstract

Though the antibacterial effect is advantageous, silver and silver nanoparticles can negatively affect the viability of human tissues. This study aims to check the viability of cells on surfaces with different particle size and to find the biologically optimal configuration. We investigated the effect of modified thickness of vaporized silver and applied heat and time on the physical characteristics of silver nanoparticle covered titanium surfaces. Samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy, mass spectrometry, and drop shape analyzer. To investigate how different physical surface characteristics influence cell viability, Alamar Blue assay for dental pulp stem cells was carried out. We found that different surface characteristics can be achieved by modifying procedures when creating silver nanoparticle covered titanium. The size of the nanoparticles varied between 60 to 368 nm, and hydrophilicity varied between 63 and 105 degrees of contact angle. Investigations also demonstrated that different physical characteristics are related to a different level of viability. Surfaces covered with 60 nm particle sizes proved to be the most hydrophilic, and the viability of the cells was comparable to the viability measured on the untreated control surface. Physical and biological characteristics of silver nanoparticle covered titanium, including cell viability, have an acceptable level to be used for antibacterial effects to prevent periimplantitis around implants.

The Effect of the PVA/Chitosan/Citric Acid Ratio on the Hydrophilicity of Electrospun Nanofiber Meshes

“…The sample preparation for electron microscopy analysis was performed as described previously [ 35 ]. Briefly, the cell–containing samples were fixed with 2 v/v % glutaraldehyde for 2 h and at 1 m/m % OsO 4 , and then dehydrated using graded ethanol solutions, and their critical points were dried using CO 2 before the examination.…”

Ag Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications—Synthesis and Characterization—A Review

“…Once the Ag NPs are found at the surface of the implant, due to their high reactivity, the ions will be released and will react with sulfur or oxygen from the bacteria structure. Hajdu et al [ 48 ] suggest that the electronic charges of Ag NPs can modify the hydrophilicity of the implant in order for the adhesion of proteins involved in the healing process to be added faster. The study also showed that the smallest Ag NPs used (around 60 nm) are presenting the most promising result in biofilm development prevention [ 48 ].…”

“…Hajdu et al [ 48 ] suggest that the electronic charges of Ag NPs can modify the hydrophilicity of the implant in order for the adhesion of proteins involved in the healing process to be added faster. The study also showed that the smallest Ag NPs used (around 60 nm) are presenting the most promising result in biofilm development prevention [ 48 ]. Hajtuch et al [ 49 ] performed an interesting comparison between three types of functionalization of Ag NPs in order to observe their activity and influence on platelets function, for applications in the circulatory system.…”

Development of cross‐linked polyvinyl alcohol/sodium caseinate/silver nanoparticle electrospun mats for antibacterial wound dressing

“…It has been reported in the literature that smaller particles cause higher toxicity than larger particles. 64 Park et al In his study, he examined the toxic effect of Ag NPs of different sizes (20, 80, 113 nm) on L929 fibroblast cells. reported that 20 nm Ag NPs were more toxic than larger NPs.…”