Optimized synthesis of lignin sulfonate nanoparticles by solvent shifting method and their application for adsorptive removal of dye pollutant

Proton Exchange Membranes from Sulfonated Lignin Nanocomposites for Redox Flow Battery Applications

“…Solvent‐antisolvent precipitation is an established method for nanoparticle synthesis, commonly used in nanopharmaceuticals, [ 46 ] and has been previously used to produce sulfonated lignin nanoparticles. [ 47,48 ]…”

“…Methods-Synthesis of NanoSLs: The procedure for synthesis of NanoSLs was modeled off of established methods of solvent-antisolvent synthesis of lignin nanospheres, [64] as well as prior works that dealt specifically with SL. [47,48] First, SL (0.28 g mL −1 ) was added to 20 mL of distilled water under stirring for 20 min. Separately, tween 80 (0.32 g mL −1 ) was added to 20 mL of water followed by mechanical mixing for 20 min to obtain a homogenized emulsion.…”

Lignin as a Natural Carrier for the Efficient Delivery of Bioactive Compounds: From Waste to Health

“…It relies on using a lignin solution and an excess amount of anti-solvent to reduce the solubility of lignin and, subsequently, produce nanoparticles. Behboudi et al [ 50 ], have used ethanol as an antisolvent to recover lignin sulfonate nanoparticles from lignin sulfonate that had previously been emulsified into an aqueous solution of the Tween 80 surfactant. In particular, the authors synthesized lignin sulfonate nanoparticles with a size of 53 nm at low lignin sulfonate concentration (0.28 g/mL), moderate surfactant concentration (0.32 g/mL) and high anti-solvent quantity (92 mL of ethanol for 40 mL of the aqueous phase).…”

Cationized Lignin Loaded Alginate Beads for Efficient Cr(VI) Removal

“…However, because lignin mainly has anionic functional groups, such as carboxyl and hydroxyl groups, on its surface, it has a poor adsorption capacity for contaminants with negative charges, such as anionic dyes, chromium, and palladium compounds. In addition, most lignin-based adsorbents introduced thus far are composed of powdered lignin materials; therefore, it is difficult to apply them in batch or column processes for water treatment (Behboudi et al, 2021;Fu et al, 2019). In addition, because the use of adsorbents in the powder state requires an additional separation process for the adsorbents from contaminated water, conversion to bulky adsorbents, such as beads, fibers, and hydrogels, is essential.…”