Optimizing evacuation efficiency under emergency with consideration of social fairness based on a cell transmission model

Abstract

Traffic assignment and management objectives are considered as two significant parts in developing the emergency evacuation plan, which can directly influence the evacuation performance and efficiency. From the perspective of disaster response operators, the evacuation objective frequently is to minimize the total evacuation time to reduce losses, which may lead to an unreasonable and unfair phenomenon where people in highest risk areas may be forced to sacrifice their priorities of evacuation to improve the system evacuation efficiency. In this paper, considering both efficiency and social fairness in emergency evacuation, a weight function consisting of risk evaluation index as variable and the emphasis degree of managers on social fairness principle as coefficient was initially proposed and embedded in system optimal (SO) objective function. Combining the weight function and other constraints based on an extended cell transmission model (CTM), the linear program (LP) model was established to realize the simulation of dynamic traffic assignment in emergency evacuation. Employing this model, the impact of the management strategy of balancing both efficiency and social fairness on evacuation results was studied in the “Tianjin Explosions” case. In the end, the conclusion of “balancing social fairness is valuable during evacuation” was obtained.

Efficiency-fairness trade-offs in evacuation management of urban floods: The effects of the shelter capacity and zone prioritization

“…Here, we defined fair as denoting equal degrees of suffering among individuals, but there are other ways. Recent evacuation models have considered fairness using system optimal (SO) approaches, but their definitions of fairness are different [9][10][11]. However, other studies have related fairness to the priority given to those with the least resources.…”

“…However, trade-offs may exist between efficiency and fairness [ 9 ], presenting a policy dilemma for policymakers. Although evacuation research has examined fairness from diverse perspectives [ 10 , 11 ], the interplay between efficiency and fairness has not been fully addressed.…”

Fire emergency evacuation procedures for differently-abled community in high-rise buildings

“…These disabled population being largely vulnerable to external conditions, would face several difficulties during evacuating in an emergency situation such as fire as a result of being prevented in performing selfrescue activities, having trouble in understanding verbal announcements and receiving warnings through fully audible devices, the inability of effective communication and need of assistance and guidance (Prelock et al, 2008;NFPA, 2016;Ronchi and Nilsson, 2013). Therefore, an appropriate emergency evacuation procedure is vital to ensure proper evacuation (Yan et al, 2018) focussed at both people with disabilities and without disabilities (Baou et al, 2018).…”

Evacuation Traffic Management under Diffusion of Toxic Gas Based on an Improved Road Risk Level Assessment Method

“…Ying and Lai et al [22] set static distance value to the hazard source as road risk level assessment index to develop evacuation traffic management model. Yan et al [23] also used the distance to the hazard source as risk level assessment index of different positions to optimize evacuation efficiency of toxic chemical leakage. Kimms and Maiwald [24] considered uncertainty of road capacity and used concentration as risk level assessment index and developed biobjective safe and resilient urban evacuation planning.…”