Optimizing Instruction Prefetching to Improve Worst-Case Performance for Real-Time Applications

Ding, Yiqiang; Yan, Jun; Zhang, Wei

doi:10.5626/jcse.2009.3.1.059

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Under such assumption, the original cache abstract semantics proposed in [8] was extended in [22] to incorporate the effect of next-N-line prefetching. Based on such extension, a later work [5] exploited software prefetching for minimizing the WCET. Unfortunately, since it inserts a prefetch at the beginning of the basic block where the prefetched instruction belongs, the distance between them might be insufficient to hide the latency of the former.…”

Section: Prefetching Under Real-time Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although prefetching was already used to optimize the WCET [5], a criterion to select the most energy-efficient prefetches that preserve real-time guarantees was not proposed so far. Our new criterion is described in Section 4.3.…”

Section: The Intended Reconciliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One work extended cache abstract semantics to take prefetching into account [22], another exploited it for optimizing the WCET [5], and a recent one combined it with cache locking [2], but their impact on energy efficiency was not evaluated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast with most real-time optimization techniques [5,4,14], which target the minimization of the WCET as a single objective, our algorithm relies on the results of preliminary WCET analysis to identify the most profitable prefetches and to determine their insertion points in the execution flow. We claim that our non-conventional use of static WCET analysis drives code optimization towards energy-efficient binaries for real-time applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Reconciling real-time guarantees and energy efficiency through unlocked-cache prefetching

Wuerges

Santos

2013

Proceedings of the 50th Annual Design Automation Conference

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For real-time tasks, cache behavior must be constrained via cache locking or predicted by WCET analysis. Since the former gives up energy efficiency for predictability, this paper proposes a novel code optimization that reduces the miss rate of unlocked instruction caches and, provenly, does not increase the WCET. We optimized the 37 programs from the Mälardalen WCET benchmark for 36 cache configurations and two technologies. By exploiting software prefetching on top of on-demand fetching, we reduced the memory's contribution to the energy consumption (by 11.2%), to the average case execution time (by 10.2%), and to the WCET (by 17.4%).

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Section: Prefetching Under Real-time Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Intended Reconciliationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Reconciling real-time guarantees and energy efficiency through unlocked-cache prefetching

Wuerges

Santos

2013

Proceedings of the 50th Annual Design Automation Conference

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“…Jun Yan and Wei Zhang [13] investigated the impact of the Next-N-Line instruction prefetching on the worst-case execution time. And their following work [14] proposed a loop-directed prefetching and a WCET-oriented software prefetching. Our previous work [5] proposed an instruction prefetching technology performed at the basic block level (termed BBIP), which is designed to improve both the worst-case cache performance and WCETs of real-time applications.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining Instruction Prefetching with Partial Cache Locking to Improve WCET in Real-Time Systems

Long

Han

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Caches play an important role in embedded systems to bridge the performance gap between fast processor and slow memory. And prefetching mechanisms are proposed to further improve the cache performance. While in real-time systems, the application of caches complicates the Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) analysis due to its unpredictable behavior. Modern embedded processors often equip locking mechanism to improve timing predictability of the instruction cache. However, locking the whole cache may degrade the cache performance and increase the WCET of the real-time application. In this paper, we proposed an instruction-prefetching combined partial cache locking mechanism, which combines an instruction prefetching mechanism (termed as BBIP) with partial cache locking to improve the WCET estimates of real-time applications. BBIP is an instruction prefetching mechanism we have already proposed to improve the worst-case cache performance and in turn the worst-case execution time. The estimations on typical real-time applications show that the partial cache locking mechanism shows remarkable WCET improvement over static analysis and full cache locking.

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Using Basic Block Based Instruction Prefetching to Optimize WCET Analysis for Real-Time Applications

Long

Han

et al. 2012

2012 13th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies

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Optimizing Instruction Prefetching to Improve Worst-Case Performance for Real-Time Applications

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Reconciling real-time guarantees and energy efficiency through unlocked-cache prefetching

Reconciling real-time guarantees and energy efficiency through unlocked-cache prefetching

Combining Instruction Prefetching with Partial Cache Locking to Improve WCET in Real-Time Systems

Using Basic Block Based Instruction Prefetching to Optimize WCET Analysis for Real-Time Applications

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