Optimizing pyrolysis conditions for recycling pig bones into phosphate fertilizer

Piccolla, Cristiano Dela; Hesterberg, Dean; Muraoka, Takashi; Novotny, E. H.

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2021.06.012

Cited by 18 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The fact that despite P application both BC-based treatments showed a similar decreasing trend in available soil P suggests that most of the available fertilizer P was directly taken up by the plants and did not accumulate in the soil. Since BC and BC plus mainly consist of insoluble apatite (Dela Piccolla et al, 2021;Zimmer et al, 2018), solubilization of P was expected to be slow. However, the expected corresponding accumulation of excessive BC or BC plus in the stable P pool (H 2 SO 4 -P + residual P) was not reflected in the data, most likely due to the still small proportional change.…”

Section: The Field Trial Did Not Confirm the Former Laboratory Result...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For BC production defatted, de-gelatinized animal bone chips are pyrolyzed (600-800 °C) and produced chars contain between 130 to 150 g P kg −1 , mainly in the form of hydroxyapatite, as well as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), while they are free of contaminants such as cadmium and uranium (Siebers and Leinweber, 2013;Zimmer et al, 2018). The solubility of BC was found to be mainly a function of pyrolysis conditions (Biswas et al, 2021;Dela Piccolla et al, 2021) and soil pH and was mostly lower than highly soluble mineral P fertilizers (Leinweber et al, 2018;Siebers et al, 2014;Warren et al, 2009). Therefore, the very porous surface of BC can be modified with up to 20% (w/w) elemental sulfur (S) (BC plus ; patent DE102011010525) to increase its solubility in the soil (Morshedizad et al, 2018;Zimmer et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The fate of phosphorus from bone char-based fertilizers in soil pools in a 5-year crop rotation

Kruse

Panten

Siebers

2022

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Bone char (BC) is a promising P-recycling fertilizer but with rather low P-solubility, which can be increased by modifying the BC surface with elemental sulfur (BCplus), but effects on the soil P status have not been tested under field conditions yet. Hence, a long-time field experiment was started 2013 to track the fate of BC and BCplus P into different soil P pools compared to a control and triple superphosphate (TSP) treatment for severely P deficient (iSPTC-A) vs. sufficiently P fertilized (iSPTC-C) soil. The fingerprint of the recent land-use history (six years grassland prior arable land) was reflected by elevated labile-Po and NaOH-Po concentrations at the beginning of the experiment. However, after 3 years, labile Po concentrations converged and stabilized in both soils at a similar level. The formation of this new equilibrium of labile Po suggests that the rate of Po mineralization was, to some extent, controlled by the amount of available legacy P. After the first crop rotation, the effect of P fertilization on soil-P budgets and fractions were small and mostly insignificant. Only TSP increased the available-P pools in the soil. The other pools were not affected by treatments except stable-P increased significantly after BC application in iSPTC-A. The former laboratory results of higher P solubility of BCplus over BC could not be confirmed within the duration of the field trial. However, to prove that BC and BCplus are capable of maintaining adequate long-term crop P supply, the continuation of this unique field trial is highly recommended.

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Section: The Field Trial Did Not Confirm the Former Laboratory Result...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The fate of phosphorus from bone char-based fertilizers in soil pools in a 5-year crop rotation

Kruse

Panten

Siebers

2022

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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“…In bone, phosphate is present in the bone mineral phase, mostly composed of bioapatite, which is very similar to the hydroxyapatite commonly found in phosphate rocks (Fayiga & Nwoke, 2016). Animal bones are used to produce agricultural fertilizers, known as bone meal (Dawson & Hilton, 2011; Dela Piccolla et al, 2021; Schnug & De Kok, 2016). However, the observed post‐burial increment was not enough to render the BPI ratio too different from the pre‐burned value.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Burned and buried: A vibrational spectroscopy analysis of burial‐related diagenetic changes of heat‐altered human bones

Rosa

Vassalo

Amarante

et al. 2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Objectives The analysis of burned human remains can be very challenging due to heat‐induced alterations. Occasionally, human bones present these coupled with diagenetic changes, offering even more of a challenge, since there is a lack of studies regarding interactions between both taphonomic phenomena. With this study, we aimed to assess and document the effects of inhumation on the chemical composition of both unburned and burned human skeletal remains. Materials and Methods We buried, for 5 years, four groups of human bone samples comprising unburned bones and bones experimentally burned at 500, 900, and 1050 °C. Periodic exhumations were carried out to collect bone samples to be analyzed through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflectance mode, in order to calculate four chemical indexes: (1) crystallinity index (CI); (2) type B carbonates to phosphate index (BPI); (3) total carbonates (A + B) to carbonate B ratio (C/C); and (4) OH to phosphate ratio (OH/P). Results After inhumation, CI and C/C of unburned bones and bones burned at 500 °C, and BPI of bones burned at 1050 °C did not vary significantly. However, the remaining indexes showed both relevant increments and reductions throughout observations, depending on burning temperature and index. Discussion Our results suggest that diagenesis can have an effect in bone's molecular composition. However, these effects do not seem to significantly affect the conclusions that can be taken from the analysis of infrared bone spectra, at least in the case of inhumations with a duration of 5 years or less.

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“…In modern times, bone meal (BM) and meat and bone meal (MBM) have been approved (with some limitations) for use in agriculture as soil improvers [49] and have been reported from different countries to be effective in yield enhancement [50][51][52][53][54]. Recently, new technologies have emerged to produce bone-based fertilizers through thermal and/or chemical transformations [55][56][57].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do New-Generation Recycled Phosphorus Fertilizers Increase the Content of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and Plants?

et al. 2021

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Phosphorus (P)-rich secondary raw materials can provide a valuable base for modern mineral fertilizers, provided that the new formulations do not load the soil–plant system with potentially toxic elements. Fertilizers from sewage sludge ash (SSA) and/or animal bones, activated by phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (Bacillus megaterium or Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans), were tested in field experiments in north-eastern Poland. The reference provided treatments with superphosphate and treatment without phosphorus fertilization. In one experiment, all P-fertilizers were applied at a P dose of 21 kg·ha−1, and in the other three experiments, three P doses were adopted: 17.6, 26.4, and 35.2 kg·ha−1. The effect of recycled fertilizers on the content of arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) in the soil, in wheat grain and straw (test plant), weeds, and post-harvest residues was investigated. The application of recycled fertilizers in P amounts up to 35.2 kg·ha−1 did not change the As, Cr, Ni, Cu, or Zn contents in the soil and plant biomass. The contents of these elements in soil were below the permissible levels for arable land in Poland. Their concentrations in wheat grain and straw did not exceed the permissible or suggested limits for plant material to be used for food and feed, while in the weed and post-harvest residue biomass, they usually fell within the biological plant variability ranges.

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Optimizing pyrolysis conditions for recycling pig bones into phosphate fertilizer

Cited by 18 publications

References 43 publications

The fate of phosphorus from bone char-based fertilizers in soil pools in a 5-year crop rotation

The fate of phosphorus from bone char-based fertilizers in soil pools in a 5-year crop rotation

Burned and buried: A vibrational spectroscopy analysis of burial‐related diagenetic changes of heat‐altered human bones

Do New-Generation Recycled Phosphorus Fertilizers Increase the Content of Potentially Toxic Elements in Soil and Plants?

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