Optimizing support properties of heterogeneous catalysts for the coupling of carbon dioxide with epoxides

Recent developments in organocatalysed transformations of epoxides and carbon dioxide into cyclic carbonates

“…Heinrichs et al developed a route to silica-immobilised tributylammonium salts (Scheme 24). 130,160 Interestingly, the majority of these catalysts had similar activity to a commercial fumed silica sample used in conjunction with tetrabutylammonium iodide, and were only slightly better than using tetrabutylammonium iodide alone (at 80 o C and 100 bar for 4 h). These catalysts also had problems with recyclability.…”

Metal-Free Triazine-Incorporated Organosilica Framework Catalyst for the Cycloaddition of CO2 to Epoxide under Solvent-Free Conditions

“…Nevertheless, the drawbacks associated with metal catalysts are metal leaching causing activity loss and being detrimental to the environment, which hinders their further applications. Therefore, the covalent organic framework (COF), , carbon nitride (C 3 N 4 ), , and mesoporous organosilicon , were developed as metal-free heterogeneous catalysts for cycloaddition of CO 2 to epoxide. However, the preparation of COF requires strict preparation conditions; meanwhile, the catalytic activity of C 3 N 4 is poor for cycloaddition of CO 2 to epoxide.…”