Optimizing the extrusion conditions for the production of expanded intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium) products

Abstract

In this study, the effects of extrusion conditions such as feed moisture content (20%, 24%, and 28%), screw speed (200, 300, and 400 rpm), and extrusion temperature (130, 150, and 170 • C) on the physical and functional properties (moisture content, expansion ratio, bulk density, hardness, water absorption index [WAI], water solubility index [WSI]) of intermediate wheatgrass (IWG) were investigated for the first time. Response surface methodology was used toThis is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

Impact of extrusion processing on the nutritional and physicochemical properties of intermediate wheatgrass (Thinopyrum intermedium)

“…The physical properties of the extrudates are summarized in Table 4. Increasing screw speed led to a significant ( p < .05) increase in expansion ratio, consistent with observations from previous work (Boakye et al, 2022; Singha et al, 2018). This is possibly due to the increase in shear and a resulting decrease in the viscosity of the melted feed, which can lead to extrudate expansion (Singha et al, 2018).…”

“…The feed moisture was kept at 20% on a dry weight basis (dwb). These conditions were selected based on a previous study on optimizing the extrusion conditions to produce expanded IWG (Boakye et al, 2022). The feed rate was kept constant at 2 kg/h.…”

“…WAI and WSI were determined, in triplicate, as previously described by Boakye et al (2022) based on the technique developed for cereals (Ding et al, 2006). The WAI was calculated as the weight of the sediment obtained after the removal of the supernatant per unit weight of original dry solids.…”

“…Hardness was determined using TA.XT.plus Texture Analyzer (Texture Technologies Corp) as outlined by Boakye et al (2022) based on a modification of a previously described protocol (Liu et al, 2017). Six randomly selected samples of each extrudate were analyzed.…”

Sonoprocessing improves phenolics profile, antioxidant capacity, structure, and product qualities of purple corn pericarp extract

“…Besides, the difference in WAI between the UAE and MAE were statistically the same ( p > 0.05). The higher WSI for UAE might be because of the high number of cavitational nuclei formed (because of a high cavitation threshold), which is liable for acoustic cavitation and weakens the hydrogen bond between polysaccharide chains, thereby increasing the active water binding sites [74] , [75] .…”