Optimizing the Manufacturing Processes of Carbon Fiber Epoxy Resin Composite Panels

Hamdan, Bayan; Lafi, Sarah; Hassan, Noha M.

doi:10.1115/1.4037233

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…29,30 Hamdan focused on optimizing the manufacturing process as a whole and not just the curing time hence finding optimum pressure and temperature using numerical DOE (design of experiment) method. 31 The focus of this article is to study the feasibility of the proposed technology when cutting down the curing time and analyze the properties of the composite when shortening the curing time. This investigation is done using a reusable flexible sensing film which encourages recycling and produces less material waste while keeping a faster pace in the setup, prior to the monitoring process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of cure cycle shortening for advanced composites via ultrasonics and dynamic mechanical analysis

Mahfoud

Harb

2022

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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Composite materials are incorporated in various applications and their industry is widely growing. They offer cost savings and are more environmentally friendly than conventional metal structures. Some of the concerns this industry faces are the energy and time spent on long curing cycles to achieve permanent bonding between the matrix and fibers. In our previous work, a reusable sensing polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) system that can monitor the degree of cure of the composite while curing was developed and tested through Lamb waves analysis. This thin film is now used to monitor the same cure parameters for a shorter curing cycle than that suggested by the CFRP manufacturer. The results show that the three cure parameters: Minimum viscosity, full gelation, and vitrification are offset by the same time deducted from the cycle, highlighting the feasibility of using such technology. To verify the viability of this approach, tensile testing and dynamic mechanical analysis are performed on these composites. Tensile testing results show that the average tensile modulus for the shortened cycle is of similar values if not slightly higher than that of the normal cycle. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results verify both previous conclusions: Time shift of cure parameters and enhanced mechanical properties of the shortened cycle.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of cure cycle shortening for advanced composites via ultrasonics and dynamic mechanical analysis

Mahfoud

Harb

2022

Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites

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“…Numerous methods exist for producing CFRP components, however, looking specifically at the requirements for automotive use (high design freedom, low cycle time and high automation potential), a subset of liquid composite molding, namely Resin Transfer Molding (RTM), is becoming increasingly popular [2,5,10]. The RTM manufacturing process starts with draping, wherein a sheet of dry fabric is cut to shape and laid in the bottom half of a rigid, heated mold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a Non-Equilibrium Energy Model for Resin Transfer Molding Simulations

Sherratt

Straatman²,

DeGroot³

et al. 2022

J. Compos. Sci.

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Due to the high design freedom and weight specific properties carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) offer significant potential in light-weighting applications, specifically in the automotive sector. The demand for medium to high production quantities with consistent material properties has paved the way for the use of high-pressure resin transfer molding (HP-RTM). Due to high experimental cost and number of the operational parameters the development of numerical simulations to predict part quality is growing. Despite this, erroneous assumptions and simplifications limit the application of HP-RTM models, specifically with regards to the energy models used to model the heat transfer occurring during infiltration. The current work investigates the operating parameters at which the thermal non-equilibrium energy model’s increased computational cost and complexity is worth added accuracy. It was found that in nearly all cases, using the thermal non-equilibrium is required to obtain an accurate prediction of the temperature development and resulting final properties within the mold after the infiltration process.

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“…Therefore, it is still very important to develop an efficient visible light photoinitiator. Meanwhile, carbon reinforced composites (called CFRPs) are extremely attractive as they show excellent properties and are lightweight. , Nevertheless it is quite a challenge to produce CFRPs with quality and low manufacturing costs. This article is devoted to the development of dual thermal/photochemical initiators both for visible light 3D printing and composite preparation under mild conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge Transfer Complexes as Dual Thermal and Photochemical Polymerization Initiators for 3D Printing and Composites Synthesis

Wang

Garra

Lakhdar

et al. 2019

ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.

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The development of visible light 3D printing technology and the preparation of high-tech composites under mild conditions remain a huge challenge. This article is devoted to the development of dual thermal/photochemical initiators both for visible light 3D printing and composite preparation under mild conditions. Dual thermal and photochemical polymerization initiators are presented, a dual ability scarcely encountered in the literature. In detail, here, a series of charge transfer complexes (CTCs) that are demonstrated to be formed between phosphines (electron donors) and iodonium salt as electron acceptor are investigated as dual thermal and photochemical free radical polymerization (FRP) initiators. The CTCs exhibit excellent photo and/or thermal initiating properties for the benchmarked methacrylate resin and can be efficiently used for the curing of glass fibers or carbon fiber composites. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first access to high-tech carbon fiber composites using dual photo/thermal initiators. The formations of the CTCs were confirmed by several techniques, such as 31P NMR, UV–vis, and molecular orbital (MO) calculations. Laser write experiments at 405 nm show excellent spatial resolution performances. These systems are commercially available, stable, and environmentally friendly. Additionally, safer storage of the thermal initiators is expected (as formed in situ) compared to traditional thermal initiators (e.g., this is highly worthwhile for the replacement of peroxides). Dual approaches (photo/thermal curing) can also be used, as the same initiating system can initiate both polymerization processes, e.g., fast curing by light of the surface associated with a dark thermal curing in depth.

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Optimizing the Manufacturing Processes of Carbon Fiber Epoxy Resin Composite Panels

Cited by 8 publications

References 23 publications

Assessment of cure cycle shortening for advanced composites via ultrasonics and dynamic mechanical analysis

Assessment of cure cycle shortening for advanced composites via ultrasonics and dynamic mechanical analysis

Investigation of a Non-Equilibrium Energy Model for Resin Transfer Molding Simulations

Charge Transfer Complexes as Dual Thermal and Photochemical Polymerization Initiators for 3D Printing and Composites Synthesis

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