Optimizing the Use of the Criterion Response for the Pupil Light Reflex*

Webster, John G.; Cohen, Gerald H.; Boynton, Robert M.

doi:10.1364/josa.58.000419

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…This period was chosen to account for the time (0.6 ± 0.3 s) after light offset for the pupil to reach the peak constriction amplitude in response to the 1 s stimulus pulse [3] and on the grounds that the PIPR is already known to follow the melanopsin spectral nomogram for times ≥ 6 s [1–3]. To optimise the use of criterion pupil light reflex, Webster et al [23] recommended the selection of large stimulus fields, regions of steep slope on the pupil response versus retinal irradiance curves, and observers with the steepest slopes and lowest noise. Accordingly, we measured the criterion PIPR with a 41° stimulus on two participants who showed the lowest variability among the five participants from our previous study and by using the regions of steep slope (above melanopsin threshold ~11.0 log quanta.cm -2 .s -1 retinal irradiance) from the 6 s PIPR amplitude versus retinal irradiance data (Figure 6 in Adhikari et al [3]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodopsin and Melanopsin Contributions to the Early Redilation Phase of the Post-Illumination Pupil Response (PIPR)

2016

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Melanopsin expressing intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGCs) entirely control the post-illumination pupil response (PIPR) from 6 s post-stimulus to the plateau during redilation after light offset. However, the photoreceptor contributions to the early redilation phase of the PIPR (< 6 s post-stimulus) have not been reported. Here, we evaluated the photoreceptor contributions to the early phase PIPR (0.6 s to 5.0 s) by measuring the spectral sensitivity of the criterion PIPR amplitude in response to 1 s light pulses at five narrowband stimulus wavelengths (409, 464, 508, 531 and 592 nm). The retinal irradiance producing a criterion PIPR was normalised to the peak and fitted by either a single photopigment nomogram or the combined melanopsin and rhodopsin spectral nomograms with the +L+M cone photopic luminous efficiency (Vλ) function. We show that the PIPR spectral sensitivity at times ≥ 1.7 s after light offset is best described by the melanopsin nomogram. At times < 1.7 s, the peak PIPR sensitivity shifts to longer wavelengths (range: 482 to 498 nm) and is best described by the combined photoreceptor nomogram, with major contributions from melanopsin and rhodopsin. This first report of melanopsin and rhodopsin contributions to the early phase PIPR is in line with the electrophysiological findings of ipRGC and rod signalling after the cessation of light stimuli and provides a cut-off time for isolating photoreceptor specific function in healthy and diseased eyes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhodopsin and Melanopsin Contributions to the Early Redilation Phase of the Post-Illumination Pupil Response (PIPR)

2016

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“…The spectral sensitivity data collected in the present study follows the general procedures set out by Webster and colleagues (1968), which allows for the more rapid assessment of a predetermined pupillary criterion response. In short, the real time measurement of the changes in pupil diameter allows for the use of a modified method of adjustment in which the irradiance necessary to produce a given criterion response at any wavelength of stimuli can quickly be estimated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells on the spectral sensitivity and response dynamics of the human pupillary light reflex

2010

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Historically, it was assumed that the light-evoked neural signals driving the human pupillary light reflex (PLR) originated exclusively from rod and cone photoreceptors. However, a novel melanopsin-containing photoreceptive cell class has recently been discovered in the mammalian retina. These intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) project to the pretectum, the retinorecipient area of the brain responsible for the PLR. This study was therefore designed to examine the relative contribution of rod, cone and the melanopsin photoresponses of ipRGCs to the human PLR. We establish that the melanopsin photoresponse of ipRGCs contributes significantly to the maintenance of half maximal pupilloconstriction in response to light stimuli of 30 seconds or longer, even at low photopic irradiances. Furthermore, we show that the melanopsin photoresponse contributes significantly to three- quarter maximal pupilloconstriction in response to light stimuli as short as 2 seconds. We also demonstrate that cone photoresponses driving pupilloconstriction adapt considerably and contribute little after 30 seconds, but rod photoresponses adapt less and contribute significantly to the maintenance of pupilloconstriction in response to steady-state light stimuli at irradiance levels which are below the threshold of the melanopsin photoresponse.

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“…Dementsprechend führt die Vero größerung des Reizfeldes über 60 zu keiner nennenswerten Steigerung der pupillomotorischen Empfindlichkeit (ALEXANDRIDIS, 1970). Es erschien zweckmäßig, großflächige Lichtreize zu verwenden, da die Reproduzierbarkeit der PLR mit der Grüße des stimulierten Gesichtsfeldareales zunimmt (WEBSTER et al 1968 Teil dieser Verlängerung dem Gesichtsfeldausfall (links etwas größer) zuzurechnen ist (BELL und THOMPSON, 1978) und welcher dem ischämischen Prozess, der noch nicht in Atrophie übergegangen ist (HAYREH, 1975), kann nicht unterschieden werden (Abb.27). Bei der Stauungspapille (STP) handelt es sich: Um eine Schwellung im Nervengewebe -ohne weitere Strukturveränderungen -infolge eines erhöhten intrakraniellen Druckes (HAYREH 1968(HAYREH , 1969(HAYREH , 1977, die außer der Kongestion der Gefäße keine weitere akute Blutversorgungsstörung in der Papille, mindestens im primären Stadium, verursacht.…”

Section: Das Von Lowenstein Und Löwenfeld (1958) Eingeführteunclassified

Latenzzeit Des Pupillenlichtreflexes Bei Praechiasmatischen Lasionen Des Nervusopticus

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Optimizing the Use of the Criterion Response for the Pupil Light Reflex*

Cited by 12 publications

References 6 publications

Rhodopsin and Melanopsin Contributions to the Early Redilation Phase of the Post-Illumination Pupil Response (PIPR)

Rhodopsin and Melanopsin Contributions to the Early Redilation Phase of the Post-Illumination Pupil Response (PIPR)

The influence of intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells on the spectral sensitivity and response dynamics of the human pupillary light reflex

Latenzzeit Des Pupillenlichtreflexes Bei Praechiasmatischen Lasionen Des Nervusopticus

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