In this chapter, we review four important variants of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP): 1. VRP with Backhauls (VRPB); 2. Heterogeneous or mixed Fleet VRP (HFVRP); 3. Periodic VRP (PVRP); 4. Split Delivery VRP (SDVRP).Each family plays an important role in the literature and considers a characteristic feature often encountered, both alone and combined, in real-world applications. The resulting VRP variants are non-trivial extensions of the basic VRP, and they all deserve specifically tailored algorithmic approaches for their effective solution.In the first problem class, the VRP with Backhauls (VRPB), the customers are partitioned into two sets, the linehaul and backhaul customers. The linehaul customers require the delivery of goods from the depot, and the backhaul customers have goods to be picked up and transported to the depot. Since a rearrangement of the load inside a vehicle is often impossible or undesirable, e.g., because the vehicle's loading space is only accessible from the rear, a precedence relation on the service of linehaul and backhaul customers is imposed: In a feasible VRPB solution the combined service of linehauls and backhauls in the same route is possible, but all linehaul customers receive their demand before load at backhaul customers is picked up. The VRPB belongs to the more general class of delivery and collection VRP, which clearly introduces considerable improvements over separate distribution and collection services in different routes.In the second variant, the family of Heterogeneous or mixed Fleet VRP (HFVRP), the fleet consists of different vehicles or vehicle types, each with a specific capacity and costs.