Optimum grounding grid design by using an evolutionary algorithm

Effects of cost optimised grid configuration on earthing system performance: a comparative assessment

“…The optimum design of earthing system depends on soil properties, shape and dimensions of earthing system [6,7]. Safety of the people is ensured by minimising the earthing system resistance (R g ), actual touch voltage (E m ) and step voltage (E s ) [1,8]. Researchers spaced earthing grid to determine the safe and economic design of earthing systems [8][9][10][11][12][13].…”

“…Safety of the people is ensured by minimising the earthing system resistance (R g ), actual touch voltage (E m ) and step voltage (E s ) [1,8]. Researchers spaced earthing grid to determine the safe and economic design of earthing systems [8][9][10][11][12][13]. In a previous study [8], the earth surface potential was evaluated and optimised for 70 m × 70 m earthing grid for 115/13 kV substation as per ANSI/IEEE standard 80-2000.…”

Designing of cost minimum substation grounding grid system using DE, SCA, and HDESCA techniques

“…Grid with densely populated conductors at grid edges and sparse in the centre region has more safe and efficient design than ESG [10]. Many researchers proposed their work to conceive a safe and economic grounding grid by using different evolutionary techniques such as CSM in [11], GA in [12], particle swarm optimisation (PSO) techniques in [13], and hybridisation between GA and PSO in [1]. However, they are concerned to design either a square or rectangular grid with equally spaced conductors.…”

Minimization of Grounding System Cost Using PSO, GAO, and HPSGAO Techniques

“…Ghoneim et al [8] computed the earth surface potential and elaborated an evolutionary algorithm to optimize the design of 70m×70m grounding grid without rods of the 115/13kV substation of the ANSI/IEEE Std. 80-2000 [9].…”

“…In addition to the safety constraints given by inequalities (3) and (4), Vyas and Jamnani have considered a third restriction given by (8).…”