Optimum Harvest Stage of Italian Ryegrass 'Kowinearly' According to One and Two Harvests During Spring Season

Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the optimum harvest stage of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., IRG) for maximum forage production during the spring season in Suwon, 2010. The variety of IRG was the early maturity type, 'Kowinearly', and six harvest stages (treatments) were first heading (T1), heading (T2), late heading to early bloom (T3), bloom to late bloom (T4), ripeness (T5), and late ripeness stage (T6). The dates of the first heading and heading of 'Kowinearly' were seen on 4 to 5 May, and 14 May, respectively. Plant length and dry matter (DM) percentage at first harvest were from 69 cm and 14.8% at T1 stage to 103 cm and 35.0% at T6 stage, respectively. The content of crude protein (CP) and in vitro DM digestibility (IVDMD) of T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6 at first harvest were 15.6%, 10.6%, 10.1%, 8.1%, 7.3% and 5.4%, and 81.8%, 72.1%, 64.8%, 63.8%, 61.4% and 59.0%, respectively. The content of neural detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were increased continuously with delayed harvest. A significantly higher yield of DM, CP and in vitro digestible DM (IVDDM) were observed for T3, and T4 (p<0.05). DM yield of 3,526 kg, 6,278 kg, 7,842 kg, 8,984 kg, 8,346 kg and 8,008 kg/ha, CP yield of 549 kg, 665 kg, 795 kg, 725 kg, 608 kg and 430 kg/ha, and IVDDM of 2,883 kg. 4,526 kg, 5,083 kg, 5,728 kg, 5,124 kg and 4,722 kg/ha at first harvest were recorded in T1, T2, T3, T4, T5 and T6, respectively. Regrowth yield of DM, CP and IVDDM were shown to be higher at T1 and T2 (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were observed between the two stages. Daily DM and DDM production of regrowth IRG were higher at T2, followed by T1. The total yield (at first and at regrowth) of DM, CP and IVDDM were significant higher for T2, followed by T3, T4 and T1 in order. At T2 stage, the yield was 11,089 kg, 1,254 kg, and 7,669 kg/ha in DM, CP, and IVDDM. In conclusion, the late heading to bloom stage was determined to be the optimum harvest stage for a single harvest, while the heading stage was a suitable stage of first harvest of 'Kowinearly' where two harvests were sought in a single year.

Effects of Seeding Dates on Yield and Feed Value of Italian Ryegrass in Paddy Field Cultivation

“…This is because as cultivation period increases, maturity stages develop and the leaf ratio of the plant decreases and stems harden Lim and Kim;. The chemical compositions of forage crop were reported represent significant differences depending on cutting times (Hwang et al, 2008), maturity stage (Seo et al, 2013), varieties ( Kim et al, 1998), seeding dates (Kim et al, 2009) and manure conditions (Lee, 2012). Feed value was shown to be high in the late seeding group (T4, T5), but as shown in …”

“…Also Italian rye grass has a higher ratio of leaves to stems which makes it high silage quality. It is a plant that can produce dry hay in spring season (Seo et al, 2013).…”

“…About research in Korea for Italian rye grass, there are many results of selection test through new varieties adaptiveness (Kim et al, 1998;Choi et al, 2005Choi et al, , 2006aChoi et al, , 2006bChoi et al, , 2007Choi et al, , 2008 and dry matter yield and nutritive value test (Chae et al, 1996;Kim et al, 2007;Seo et al, 2013). However, studies on the mineral contents, amino acid compositions, free sugars and nutrient yields were not reported.…”

Effects of seeding dates on dry matter yield and feed values of whole-crop barley cultivated in a paddy field

“…There was no significant difference between the ADF and TDN content in relation to seeding date. The chemical compositions of forage crops differ significantly, depending on cutting time [23], maturity stage [24], variety [2], seeding date [2], and manure conditions [25]. In the present study, feed value appeared to be high in the late seeding groups (T4 and T5); however, as shown in Table 4, when the seeding date is late, there is a significant decrease in yield.…”

Increasing Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) regrowth via inoculation with an ammonia‐oxidizing bacterial strain

“…Light, temperature, water, and mineral nutrition are essential resources regulating forage grass regrowth and yield (Lee et al, 2021;Nambiar, 1977;Seo et al, 2013). Nassiri and Elgersma (2002) found that nitrogen fertilizer has a growth-limiting effect on ryegrass regrowth.…”