Optimum peak pulse investigation for OTDR instrumentation

Evolution of the nth Stokes-wave due to stimulated Raman scattering in single-mode fibers

“…There have been reports on Raman phenomenon, [7][8][9][10] where several Stokes waves signals were obtained with different configurations. Similarly, Fig.…”

Raman threshold for nth-order cascade Raman amplification

“…Recent works reports on Fabry-Perot resonators formed without mirrors only use the $4% Fresnel reflection of the air-glass interface. With this technique Zhao and Jackson [4] obtained three Stokes using 500 m Ge-doped low loss fiber, Martínez-Piñón et al [9] reported five Stokes orders using 20 km Telecom fibers. On one of our previous works, we managed to show use of FBG in a chained configuration inside a Fabry-Perot resonator, which improved the SRS generation considerably [10].…”

Dual reference point temperature interrogating method for distributed temperature sensor

“…Since the parameters of lasers and other components in a DTS system will change with the environment, the anti-Stokes and Stokes light are often corrupted. In practical applications, we typically forgo the direct use of equation (1) to interrogate temperature and alternatively use equation (2), which uses one reference temperature instead.…”

“…Taking advantage of the temperature sensitivity of Raman light scattering, a DTS system can measure the temperature along the whole fibre [1]. Optical time domain reflectometer [2] technology is employed to measure the light travel time and realize accurate spatial orientation. To eliminate adverse effects due to instability of the laser, bending of optical fibres and loss of joints, it is usual in the design of the DTS system to measure the ratio of the Stokes and anti-Stokes intensities.…”