Options to accelerate ozone recovery: ozone and climate benefits

Daniel, J. S.; Fleming, Eric L.; Portmann, R. W.; Velders, G. J. M.; Jackman, Charles H.; Ravishankara, A. R.

doi:10.5194/acp-10-7697-2010

Cited by 27 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…2a and b), and the largest decrease of ozone in the middle and upper stratosphere appears in the Arctic region. The result here is consistent with previous studies (Ravishankara et al, 2009;Daniel et al, 2010), which indicated that N 2 O has a large contribution to ozone depletion just above the region where ozone concentrations are largest (around 10 hPa).…”

Section: Ozone Responses To N 2 O Changessupporting

confidence: 83%

Stratospheric ozone depletion from future nitrous oxide increases

et al. 2014

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Abstract.We have investigated the impact of the assumed nitrous oxide (N 2 O) increases on stratospheric chemistry and dynamics using a series of idealized simulations with a coupled chemistry-climate model (CCM). In a future cooler stratosphere the net yield of NO y from N 2 O is shown to decrease in a reference run following the IPCC A1B scenario, but NO y can still be significantly increased by extra increases of N 2 O over 2001-2050. Over the last decade of simulations, 50 % increases in N 2 O result in a maximal 6 % reduction in ozone mixing ratios in the middle stratosphere at around 10 hPa and an average 2 % decrease in the total ozone column (TCO) compared with the control run. This enhanced destruction could cause an ozone decline in the first half of this century in the middle stratosphere around 10 hPa, while global TCO still shows an increase at the same time. The results from a multiple linear regression analysis and sensitivity simulations with different forcings show that the chemical effect of N 2 O increases dominates the N 2 O-induced ozone depletion in the stratosphere, while the dynamical and radiative effects of N 2 O increases are overall insignificant. The analysis of the results reveals that the ozone depleting potential of N 2 O varies with the time period and is influenced by the environmental conditions. For example, carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) increases can strongly offset the ozone depletion effect of N 2 O.

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Section: Ozone Responses To N 2 O Changessupporting

confidence: 83%

Stratospheric ozone depletion from future nitrous oxide increases

et al. 2014

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“…A comparison of the effect of eliminating the individual halocarbons (and anthropogenic methyl bromide and carbon tetrachloride) is shown in figure 7 [28]. This highlights the much larger potential for reducing future ozone depletion by anthropogenic N 2 O reductions compared with the elimination of emissions of any of the individual halocarbons, including the banks (i.e.…”

Section: Ozone-depletion Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…global warming, ocean acidification, sea level rise, and so on). Figure 6 shows the evolution of global ozone changes relative to 1950 owing to the full A1B/A1 scenario and the effect of eliminating halocarbon ODS and anthropogenic N 2 O emissions after 2010 [28]. While eliminating halocarbon ODS emissions causes ozone increases in the 2010 -2060 time period, their influences are small by 2100 as the halocarbons decay to near natural levels by that time even with only the current controls.…”

Section: Ozone-depletion Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stratospheric ozone depletion due to nitrous oxide: influences of other gases

Portmann

Daniel

Ravishankara

2012

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

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313

210

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The effects of anthropogenic emissions of nitrous oxide (N 2 O), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ) and the halocarbons on stratospheric ozone (O 3 ) over the twentieth and twenty-first centuries are isolated using a chemical model of the stratosphere. The future evolution of ozone will depend on each of these gases, with N 2 O and CO 2 probably playing the dominant roles as halocarbons return towards pre-industrial levels. There are nonlinear interactions between these gases that preclude unambiguously separating their effect on ozone. For example, the CH 4 increase during the twentieth century reduced the ozone losses owing to halocarbon increases, and the N 2 O chemical destruction of O 3 is buffered by CO 2 thermal effects in the middle stratosphere (by approx. 20% for the IPCC A1B/WMO A1 scenario over the time period 1900-2100). Nonetheless, N 2 O is expected to continue to be the largest anthropogenic emission of an O 3 -destroying compound in the foreseeable future. Reductions in anthropogenic N 2 O emissions provide a larger opportunity for reduction in future O 3 depletion than any of the remaining uncontrolled halocarbon emissions. It is also shown that 1980 levels of O 3 were affected by halocarbons, N 2 O, CO 2 and CH 4 , and thus may not be a good choice of a benchmark of O 3 recovery.

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“…Considering together future projections of CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O increases and ODS decreases, it is estimated that the ozone layer should eventually return to its pre-1980 levels, despite continued emissions of N 2 O and other ODSs (17). However, the Parties to the Montreal Protocol continue to consider and pursue ways to accelerate ozone recovery, such as the destruction of ODS banks and the accelerated hydrochlorofluorocarbon phase out, partly because these actions would deliver both ozone and climate benefits (18).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%