Optoelectronic characterization of Zn<sub>1-x</sub>Cd<sub>x</sub>O thin films as an alternative to photonic crystals in organic solar cells

Aguilar, Omar; Castro, S. de; Godoy, Marcio Peron Franco de; Dias, Mariama Rebello Sousa

doi:10.1364/ome.9.003638

Cited by 51 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…The refractive index of Al 2 O 3 , Au, and ZnO was obtained from references. [48][49][50] Fabrication of Thermochromic Perovskite Smart Windows: The sample fabrication was conducted in a nitrogen-filled glove box (water content ≤ 1 ppm, oxygen content ≤ 1 ppm). CH 3 NH 3 I (MAI, >99.0%) was purchased from TCI America.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Window Structures Based on Highly Conductive, Transparent Metal Nanomeshes and Thermochromic Perovskite Films

Cossio

Braun

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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Low resistance and high transparency of TCEs are two essential prerequisites for a variety of applications, including the fabrication of smart windows. [8] Among various TCEs, highly transparent and conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) is most commonly employed; however, its highly brittle nature hinders its application in flexible electronics and the scarcity of indium results in high material cost. [9] The bending strain tolerance and mechanical flexibility of ITO/elastomeric substrates are inadequate because of the brittle nature of ITO, which renders flexible ITO substrates impractical for real-life stretchable, foldable, or bendable optoelectronics applications. [10] In addition, the relatively low thermal conductivity of ITO leads to longer response times for devices reliant on thermally activated transitions, such as thermochromic smart windows. Extensive research has therefore been devoted to ITO alternatives including carbon-based TCEs such as graphene, [11] carbon nanotubes, [12] or conducting polymers, [13] and metal-based TCEs such as metal nanowires [14] or metal meshes. [15] Among these ITO alternatives, metal meshes, which are composed of periodic micro-or nanostructured metal networks on a transparent substrate, have gained considerable attention as high performance TCEs offering several advantages, including excellent mechanical flexibility, high conductivity, tunable transmittance, and low fabrication cost. [16,17] The current fabrication methods for these metal mesh films often involve low throughput, smallscale fabrication techniques such as e-beam lithography, nanoimprint lithography, photolithography, and laser writing, which are generally time-consuming and require substantial capital investment. Therefore, the nanosphere lithography method which involves a scalable, high throughput fabrication process of metal mesh films was introduced. [18] Nanosphere lithography (NSL) enables rapid, low-cost fabrication of deep submicron metal nanomesh (NM) patterns via the self-assembled formation of a hexagonal close packed monolayer of spherical particles which serves as a patterning mask. It provides a scalable and high throughput lithography process which can be implemented for both rigid and flexible substrates. [19] Moreover, NSL enables precise control over the

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smart Window Structures Based on Highly Conductive, Transparent Metal Nanomeshes and Thermochromic Perovskite Films

Cossio

Braun

et al. 2023

Advanced Optical Materials

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“…1. The real parts of the refractive index for silicon and zinc oxide n(Si) and n(ZnO), as well as the imaginary parts of the refractive index k(ZnO) and k(Si) are given in a table depending on the wavelength [10,11]. The heterostructure is a zinc oxide nanoparticle with a size of 500×500 nm in a silicon substrate.…”

Section: Charge Properties Modeling Methodicmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charge properties and currents in the silicon/nanoparticles of zinc oxide heterostructure irradiated by the solar light

Kuraptsova

Danilyuk

2022

Doklady Belorusskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta informatiki

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Silicon/zinc oxide heterostructures have shown themselves to be promising for use in photovoltaics. This paper presents the results of modeling the charge properties and currents in a Si/nanosized ZnO particle with different types of conductivity under sunlight irradiation. The simulation was carried out using the Comsol Multiphysics software package. The energy diagrams of the investigated heterostructures were plotted, the charge properties and currents flowing in the structure were investigated, the dependences of the rate of generation of charge carriers on wavelength on the surfaces of silicon, zinc oxide, and at the interface between silicon and zinc oxide, the rate of recombination of charge carriers at various wavelengths of incident radiation was obtained. The regularities of the influence of wavelength of the incident radiation on the charge density and electric potential on the surface of heterostructures have been established. It is shown that the potential on the surface of the p-Si / n-ZnO heterostructure is positive, depends on the wavelength of the incident radiation and reaches the maximum of 0.68 V. For other structures, it is negative and does not depend on the wavelength: n-Si / p-ZnO –0.78 V, p-Si / p-ZnO –0.65 V, n-Si / n-ZnO –0.25 V.

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“…The ray tracing method is utilized to compute the paths of the scattered light until becoming fully extinct. The optical coefficients (n and k) of C 1−x Z x T [12], Mg x Zn 1−x O (MZO) [13], Cd x Zn 1−x O (CZO) [14], cadmium sulfide (CdS) [15], ethylene/vinyl acetate (EVA) [16], silicon [17], glass [18], and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) [19] used in our calculations are taken from the literature. The refractive index spectra of molybdenum oxide (MoO x ) and magnesium fluoride (MgF 2 ) are obtained via spectroscopic ellipsometry measurements (SOPRA GES-5E) with a spectral range from 1.23 to 5 eV using thermally evaporated layers on a c-Si substrate at 70 • incidence angle.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined Optical-Electrical Optimization of Cd1−xZnxTe/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

2020

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Although the fundamental limits have been established for the single junction solar cells, tandem configurations are one of the promising approaches to surpass these limits. One of the candidates for the top cell absorber is CdTe, as the CdTe photovoltaic technology has significant advantages: stability, high performance, and relatively inexpensive. In addition, it is possible to tune the CdTe bandgap by introducing, for example, Zn into the composition, forming Cd1−xZnxTe alloys, which can fulfill the Shockley–Queisser limit design criteria for tandem devices. The interdigitated back contact (IBC) silicon solar cells presented record high efficiencies recently, making them an attractive candidate for the rear cell. In this work, we present a combined optical and electrical optimization of Cd1−xZnxTe/IBC Si tandem configurations. Optical and electrical loss mechanisms are addressed, and individual layers are optimized. Alternative electron transport layers and transparent conductive electrodes are discussed for maximizing the top cell and tandem efficiency.

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Optoelectronic characterization of Zn_1-xCd_xO thin films as an alternative to photonic crystals in organic solar cells

Cited by 51 publications

References 31 publications

Smart Window Structures Based on Highly Conductive, Transparent Metal Nanomeshes and Thermochromic Perovskite Films

Smart Window Structures Based on Highly Conductive, Transparent Metal Nanomeshes and Thermochromic Perovskite Films

Charge properties and currents in the silicon/nanoparticles of zinc oxide heterostructure irradiated by the solar light

Combined Optical-Electrical Optimization of Cd1−xZnxTe/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

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Optoelectronic characterization of Zn1-xCdxO thin films as an alternative to photonic crystals in organic solar cells

Cited by 51 publications

References 31 publications

Smart Window Structures Based on Highly Conductive, Transparent Metal Nanomeshes and Thermochromic Perovskite Films

Smart Window Structures Based on Highly Conductive, Transparent Metal Nanomeshes and Thermochromic Perovskite Films

Charge properties and currents in the silicon/nanoparticles of zinc oxide heterostructure irradiated by the solar light

Combined Optical-Electrical Optimization of Cd1−xZnxTe/Silicon Tandem Solar Cells

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Optoelectronic characterization of Zn_1-xCd_xO thin films as an alternative to photonic crystals in organic solar cells