Optoelectronic flexible logic gate based on a fiber laser

Introductory Chapter: Optical Fibers

“…Among the amplifiers doped with rare earths, those made with fiber-optic doped with erbium and doped with ytterbium can be mentioned [10][11][12]. The optical fibers doped with erbium are the most used for the construction of this type of amplifiers, among other sensors and other applications [13][14][15][16]. The above due to its low cost compared to the ytterbium and because its amplification window coincides with the third transmission window of silica-based optical fibers [17].…”

Harnessing Multistability: A Novel Approach to Optical Logic Gate Construction Using Erbium-Doped Fiber Lasers

“…Considering the aforementioned advantages of EDFLs, coupled with their comparatively low implementation cost and straightforward experimental realization for future endeavors, the EDFL emerges as an exceptionally advantageous system for proposing and implementing optical logic gates [17,18]. In contrast to earlier logic gate implementations that relied on perturbing the laser with a digital signal, our current research delves into the influence of external noise.…”

“…This unique feature enables seamless transitions between different modes of operation, facilitating the resolution of specific arithmetic operations [7]. The seminal work of Sinha et al [19], introducing an SR (set-reset) flip-flop based on NOR gates implemented by a Chua circuit, marked the inception of extensive research and development in chaotic logic gates [18,[20][21][22][23]. Noteworthy among these efforts are shared challenges, namely, (i) the utilization of systems with coexisting attractors, and (ii) the incorporation of the sum of two digital decorrelated and periodless signals as input to the dynamical system for generating the truth table associated with the logic gate.…”

The Unreasonable Effectiveness of the Chaotic Tent Map in Engineering Applications

“…In this work, we discuss the unreasonable effectiveness of the Tent map and their generalizations (GLS maps) in a number of applications in electronics, communication and computer engineering. To list a few of these applications: (a) GLS-coding ): a lossless data compression algorithm for independent and identically distributed (i.i.d) sources is Shannon optimal and is in fact a generalization of the popular Arithmetic Coding (Rissanen and Langdon 1979) algorithm used in the image compression standard JPEG2000; (b) GLS maps are used as neurons in a recently proposed novel Neurochaos Learning (Balakrishnan et al 2019;Harikrishnan and Nagaraj 2021;Harikrishnan et al 2022b) architecture which delivers state-of-the-art performance in classification tasks; (c) GLS maps are ideal candidates for chaos-based comput-ing since they can simulate XOR, NAND and other gates (Sinha and Ditto 1998;Ditto et al 2010;Jaimes-Reátegui et al 2014) and for dense storage of information for efficient search and retrieval (Miliotis et al 2008); (d) Noise-resistant versions of GLS maps are useful for signal multiplexing in the presence of noise and error detection (Nagaraj 2019); (e) GLS maps are shown to be useful in a number of cryptographic protocols (Nagaraj 2012) -for joint source coding and encryption Wong et al 2010) and also for generating pseudo-random numbers (Palacios-Luengas et al 2019;Addabbo et al 2006); (f) Skew-tent maps have been employed in chaos based communications (Hasler and Schimming 2000). The unique properties and rich features of the Tent Map and its skewed cousins (GLS maps) that enable these wide variety of engineering applications will be discussed.…”