Oral administration of graphene oxide nano-sheets induces oxidative stress, genotoxicity, and behavioral teratogenicity in Drosophila melanogaster

Mechanisms and biological impacts of graphene and multi‐walled carbon nanotubes on Drosophila melanogaster: Oxidative stress, genotoxic damage, phenotypic variations, locomotor behavior, parasitoid resistance, and cellular immune response

“…The concentrations are indicated as μg/ml for in the text. These concentrations were selected according to previous literature values for Drosophila (de Andrade et al, 2014; Demir, Marcos, 2018b; Kumar et al, 2019; Leeuw et al, 2007; Liu et al, 2009; Liu et al, 2014; Machado et al, 2013; Pandey et al, 2019; Philbrook et al, 2011; Priyadarsini et al, 2019; Siddique et al, 2013; Siddique et al, 2014; Sood et al, 2019; Vega‐Alvarez et al, 2014; Zou et al, 2016).…”

“…The F0 (parent), F1, F2, and F3 generation flies of control and graphene or MWCNTs exposed were carefully observed under stereo microscope (SLX‐2 STEROEZOOM) for the phenotypic variations in head, eye, mouth, thorax, legs, wings, and abdominal area. Published protocols in the literature were followed (Anand et al, 2017; Priyadarsini et al, 2019). One‐thousand five‐hundred randomly selected flies (500 flies on each one of the three replicate) were analyzed for each concentration of graphene or MWCNTs in a particular generation.…”

“…It was thought that the side effects associated with genotoxicity caused by exposure to graphene and MWCNTs were mainly caused by the effects on the DNA level and the development of carcinogenesis (Guo et al, 2012). However, it is noteworthy that there is a controversy regarding potential genotoxicity because both genotoxic and non‐genotoxic effects have been reported (Demir, 2020b; Demir, Marcos, 2018b; Hu & Zhou, 2013; Kermanizadeh et al, 2016; Kumar et al, 2019; Pandey et al, 2019; Priyadarsini et al, 2019; Sood et al, 2019; Zou et al, 2016). The presence of many factors such as characterization, concentration, exposure time, route of exposure, dispersion employed to dissolve nanotubes, and the end‐point used in analyses could explain a range of reported effects (Hartmann et al, 2015).…”

Wood-Based Cellulose Nanofibrils: Haemocompatibility and Impact on the Development and Behaviour of Drosophila melanogaster

“…The climbing assay was used to detect the locomotory defect by following Priyadarshini et al [33]. Briefly, thirty adult flies were taken from the treated and control vials.…”

Enhanced mechanical properties of hBN–ZrO2 composites and their biological activities on Drosophila melanogaster: synthesis and characterization

“…85 This data shows similarity with literatures where nanoparticles induced toxicity affects the neuronal health of the y. 86,87 To validate the crawling assay, we checked the speed of the larva treated with nanocomposite 10B90Z. In Fig.…”