Oral administration of Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) leaf extract increases Cyclin D1 expression in hepatocyte regeneration in acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxic Wistar Rats

Effect of chronic administration of aqueous extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaves on Paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in Wistar albino rats

“…These stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes and bile duct cells. [85] Common biomarkers of liver damage are raised levels of the enzymes AST, ALT and ALP, although ALT is more specific for liver damage. Aminotransferase levels > 75 times the upper reference limit indicate ischemic or toxic liver injury in more than 90% of cases of acute hepatic injury.…”

“…Important bioactive principles of Neem are flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, steroids namely, quercetin, gallic acid, (+)gallocatechin, (-)epicatechin, (+)catechin and epigallocatechin, nimbin, 6desacetylnimbinene, nimbandiol, 17hydroxy azadiradione, ascorbic acid, nimbolide, nimbiol n-hexacosanol,7sdesacetyl-7-benzoylazadiradione,7sdesacetyl-7-enzoylgedunin, and nimbiol, Azadirachtin, Chlorogenic acid, Kaempferol derivatives, Myricetin, Rutin, Scopoletein, Sigmasterol/Betasitosterol. [28,76,85,106,107] Leaves contain mixture of compounds including nimbin, nimbanene, 6-desacetylnimbinene, nimbandiol, nimbolide, ascorbic acid, n-hexacosanol and different amino acids, and nimbiol and several other types of ingredients. [11] Many of these components -Azadirachtin, chlorogenic acid, Kaempferol derivatives, Myricetin flavonoids, Nimbin, Nimbolide, Rutin, Scopoletein, Sigmasterol/Beta sitosterol 6desacetylnimbinene, quercetin, nimbandiol, 17-hydroxy azadiradione, ascorbic acid, nimbolide, n-hexacosanol,7-sdesacetyl-7benzoylazadiradione,7-sdesacetyl-7enzoylgedunin, and nimbiol have antiinflammatory, immunomodulating and/or antioxidant properties.…”

“…[28] Chattopadhyay, Chattopadhyay, et al, Suhendro, et al, Sithisarn, et al, Manikandan, et al, Al-Hashemi, et al have reported the antioxidant activity of Neem leaf extract. [28,85,[108][109][110][111][112] ) Exposure to oxidant molecules leads to generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), like hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals that can readily alter DNA, proteins and/or membrane phospholipids, thus altering their structure and function. Normally, the body's endogenous antioxidants like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) act against these ROS.…”

“…Suhendro et al proposed that neem leaf extract contains quercetin, flavonoids and beta carotene which have free radical scavenging and, antilipid peroxidative properties and also increase Glutathione reductase activity (which protects cell membrane integrity). [85] In paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity, antioxidant mechanisms facilitate good regeneration of hepatocytes.…”

Histopatologi Pankreas Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang Diberi Pakan Tinggi Lemak dan Paparan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss)

“…Hal tersebut dikarenakan dosis ekstrak daun mimba yang digunakan masih dalam dosis aman. Hal ini sesuai dengan penelitian Suhendro et al (2018) yang menyatakan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol daun mimba dosis 50 -200 mg/g BB pada tikus wistar masih dalam dosis aman. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, nilai rerata diameter pulau langerhans pada kelompok perlakuan P0, P1, P2, P3, P4; dan P5 secara berturut-turut adalah 116,80; 128,05; 124,82; 117,44; 133,66; dan 141,87 μm.…”