The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of neem leaf ethanol extract as an herbal antihyperlipidemia agent on white rats induced by high fat ration. The white rat used was male Wistar strain with 2 months of age and average body weight of approximately 200 grams. The rats were divided into 6 groups of 4, namely: Negative control (P0) was given commercial ration, positive control (P1) was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / g BW, P2 was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 8 mg / g BW simvastatin in 1 ml of distilled water, P3 was given high-fat ration and duck egg yolk orally 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 75 mg / g BW ethanol extract of neem leaf in 1 ml of distilled water, P4 was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 100 mg / g BW ethanol extract of neem leaf in 1 ml of distilled water, and P5 was given high fat ration and duck egg yolk per oral 2.5 ml / 200 g BW + 125 mg / g BW ethanol extract of neem leaf in 1 ml of distilled water. The variables observed were total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and TG levels. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Least Significant Difference (LSD) test with 95% confidence level using SPSS 10.0 software. The results showed that administration of the ethanol extract of neem leaf (A. indica) can raise levels of HDL, lowering levels of LDL cholesterol and TG in blood serum of white rats (Rattus norvegicus L.).

Antihyperglycemic effect of Sesbania grandiflora seed decoction on streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice: Inflammatory status and the role of interleukin-10 AIP Conference Proceedings 1844, 020015 (2017) Abstract. This research was conducted to determine the effect of ethanolic leaf extract of Azadirachta indica (Neem) on plasma estradiol 17-β synthesis in mice. Thirty virgin female mice (Swiss Webster strain) between 2.5 and 3 months old (25 ± 2.5 g body weight) were used as the experimental sample. The mice were divided into five groups: K-group were administered tap water; K+ group were administered contraceptive pills; P1 to P3 group were administered orally with ethanolic A. indica leaf extract at doses of 8.4, 11.2, and 14 mg/animal/day, respectively. The regularity of the estrous cycle was monitored during treatment. The mice were sacrificed after being treated orally for 21 days and blood was collected by cardiac puncture under chloroform anesthesia. The estradiol concentration was measured by ELISA. Ovaries were processed with the paraffin method and HE staining. Our results showed that the estrous cycle irregularity of treated groups was higher than K-group. The estradiol concentration was significantly different (p<0.05) compared to the control group (25.02 ± 1.16 pg/mL in the control group and 18.86 ± 2.21 pg/mL in treated group but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) between the treated groups. The atresia follicle number was significantly different (p<0.05), not compared to the control group but between treated groups also. It can be concluded that Neem extracts disrupt the estradiol 17-β concentration by interference with follicle development in the ovaries so that the regularity of estrous cycle was disrupted.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efek ekstrak air biji pepaya terhadap reproduksi mencit betina ditinjau dari aspek pertambahan berat badan. Mencit strain Swiss Webster betina digunakan sebagai hewan uji. Hewan uji dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu K(-), bahan perlakuan berupa akuades; K(+), bahan perlakuan sediaan pil kontrasepsi merk X dengan dosis ; P1, bahan perlakuan ekstrak air biji pepaya dengan dosis 1,4 mg/ekor/hari; P2, bahan perlakuan ekstrak air biji pepaya dengan dosis 3,5 mg/ekor/hari; P3, bahan perlakuan ekstrak air biji pepaya dengan dosis 1,4 mg/ekor/hari. Masing-masing kelompok perlakuan diulang 7 kali. Biji pepaya diperoleh dari pohon pepaya lokal diJawa Tengah. Pemberian bahan perlakuan secara oral selama 21 hari berturut-turut.Pemberian pakan dan minum dilakukan secara ad libitum. Parameter yang diamati adalah pertambahan berat badan, konsumsi pakan, dan konsumsi minum. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis variansi dengan taraf kepercayaan 95% dan uji lanjut Duncan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata terhadap pertambahan berat badan (P>0,05) padasemua kelompok hewan, terdapat perbedaan nyata pada konsumsi pakan (P<0,05) antara K(+) dan P1dan terdapat perbedaan nyata pada konsumsi minum (P<0,05) antara P2 dengan K(+) dan P1. Kesimpulan penelitian adalah pemberian biji pepaya dengan paparan kronis tidak mempengaruhi pertambahan berat badan mencit.Kata kunci: Mencit, biji pepaya, pertumbuhan, berat badan

Biji pepaya merupakan tanaman obat yang diduga memiliki senyawa antifertilitas sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai alat kontrasepsi herbal yang aman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efek antifertilitas ekstrak biji pepaya (C. papaya L.) dengan pelarut air terhadap bobot anak mencit (Mus musculus L.). Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), menggunakan 15 ekor mencit betina yang dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan dengan 3 kali ulangan. K(-): bahan perlakuan berupa aquades. K(+): bahan perlakuan berupa pil kontrasepsi. P1, P2, P3 masing-masing diberi bahan perlakuan berupa ekstrak biji pepaya dengan dosis 1,4, 3,5, 7 mg/ekor/hari. Masing-masing diberikan perlakuan oral dengan volume 0,5 ml selama 21 hari. Setelah perlakuan berakhir, dilanjutkan dengan uji kawin.  Parameter yang diamati adalah bobot anak mencit, bobot induk mencit setelah perlakuan berakhir. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) pada taraf kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memberikan pengaruh berbeda tidak nyata terhadap bobot anak mencit dan induk mencit. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah senyawa antifertilitas dalam biji pepaya (C. papaya L.) dengan pelarut air tidak mempengaruhi bobot anak dan induk mencit. Kata kunci : Carica papaya, antifertilitas, bobot anak mencit, bobot induk mencit

Neem leaves is one part of the neem tree which can be used as a traditional medicinal herb. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of neem leaf ethanol extract on hepatosomatic index (HSI) and hepatocyte diameter in female mice. The study used a Complete Randomized Design consist of 4 treatments and 5 replications including K (aquadest), P1, P2 and P3 (neem leaf ethanol extract with dose of 8.4,11.2 and 14 mg/ kg BW/day. The treatment was administered orally with a volume of 0.2 mL for 21 days. Body weight were measured every 7 days. The liver was isolated, weighed and histologically prepared with paraffin method, HE staining and 5 μm incision thickness. HSI value determined from body weight and liver weight. Hepatocyte diameter were measured on 7 hepatocytes per lobule. The data was analyzed using ANOVA at 95% confidence level. The results showed that neem leaf ethanol extract had no significant effect (p> 0,05) on  body weight, liver weight, HSI value and hepatocyte diameter, but the liver microanatomy showed hepatocyte damage. It can be concluded that exposure of neem leaf ethanol extract for 21 days still safe to be used for reference of traditional medicine. Keywords: Neem leaf, HSI, hepatocyte diameter