Oral antimicrobials increase antimicrobial resistance in porcine E. coli – A systematic review

Burow, Elke; Simoneit, C.; Tenhagen, Bernd‐Alois; Käsbohrer, Annemarie

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2013.12.007

Cited by 123 publications

(97 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In contrast, we considered therapeutic doses. By putting the results together and including the results of studies with poultry as well, there seems to be a minimal effect of treatment dose on the selection of resistant indicator bacteria (26,27). This indicates that within quite broad ranges, veterinarians might change the dose to achieve a better treatment efficacy, without significantly changing the level of selection of resistant bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tetracycline Dose and Treatment Mode on Selection of Resistant Coliform Bacteria in Nursery Pigs

Græsbøll

Damborg

Mellerup³

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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This study describes the results of a randomized clinical trial investigating the effect of oxytetracycline treatment dose and mode of administration on the selection of antibiotic-resistant coliform bacteria in fecal samples from nursery pigs. Nursery pigs (pigs of 4 to 7 weeks of age) in five pig herds were treated with oxytetracycline for Lawsonia intracellularis-induced diarrhea. Each group was randomly allocated to one of five treatment groups: oral flock treatment with a (i) high (20 mg/kg of body weight), (ii) medium (10 mg/kg), or (iii) low (5 mg/kg) dose, (iv) oral pen-wise (small-group) treatment (10 mg/kg), and (v) individual intramuscular injection treatment (10 mg/kg). All groups were treated once a day for 5 days. In all groups, treatment caused a rise in the numbers and proportions of tetracyclineresistant coliform bacteria right after treatment, followed by a significant drop by the time that the pigs left the nursery unit. The counts and proportions of tetracyclineresistant coliforms did not vary significantly between treatment groups, except immediately after treatment, when the highest treatment dose resulted in the highest number of resistant coliforms. A control group treated with tiamulin did not show significant changes in the numbers or proportions of tetracycline-resistant coliforms. Selection for tetracycline-resistant coliforms was significantly correlated to selection for ampicillin-and sulfonamide-resistant strains but not to selection for cefotaximeresistant strains. In conclusion, the difference in the dose of oxytetracycline and the way in which the drug was applied did not cause significantly different levels of selection of tetracycline-resistant coliform bacteria under the conditions tested.IMPORTANCE Antimicrobial resistance is a global threat to human health. Treatment of livestock with antimicrobials has a direct impact on this problem, and there is a need to improve the ways that we use antimicrobials in livestock production. We hypothesized that antibiotic resistance development following treatment of diarrhea in nursery pigs could be reduced either by lowering the dose of oxytetracycline or by replacing the commonly used practice of flock treatment with individual or smallgroup treatments, since this would reduce the number of pigs treated. However, the study showed no significant difference between treatment groups with respect to the number or proportion of tetracycline-resistant coliforms selected. The most important conclusion is that under practical field conditions, there will be no added value, in terms of lowering resistance development, by exchanging flock treatment for individual or small-group treatment of nursery pigs. The reason for the lack of an

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Tetracycline Dose and Treatment Mode on Selection of Resistant Coliform Bacteria in Nursery Pigs

Græsbøll

Damborg

Mellerup³

et al. 2017

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…6 Resistant E. coli in swine can be a reservoir for resistance genes transferable to other pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria 7 in humans. AMR can cause higher healthcare costs due to treatment failure and increased mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli in Pigs Receiving Oral Antimicrobial Treatment: A Systematic Review

Burow

Käsbohrer

2017

Microbial Drug Resistance

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The aim of this literature review was to identify risk factors in addition to antimicrobial treatment for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) occurrence in commensal Escherichia coli in pigs. A variety of studies were searched in 2014 and 2015. Studies identified as potentially relevant were assessed against eligibility criteria such as observation or experiment (no review), presentation of risk factors in addition to (single dosage) antimicrobial use, risk factors for but not resulting from AMR, and the same antimicrobial used and tested. Thirteen articles (nine on observational, four on experimental studies) were finally selected as relevant. It was reported that space allowance, production size/stage, cleanliness, entry of animals and humans into herds, dosage/frequency/route of administration, time span between treatment and sampling date, herd size, distance to another farm, coldness, and season had an impact on AMR occurrence. Associations were shown by one to four studies per factor and differed in magnitude, direction, and level of significance. The risk of bias was unclear in nearly half of the information of observational studies and in most of the information from experimental studies. Further research on the effects of specific management practices is needed to develop well-founded management advice.

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“…However, the decision to treat and choice of antibacterials may be affected by numerous factors other than professional veterinary knowledge (Busani et Antibacterials are usually administered to pigs (in particular weaners) per pen or section via feed or water, implying that healthy animals within the pens are also treated (Merle et al, 2012;Callens et al, 2012). However, oral administration appears to be a crucial factor in the risk of antibacterial resistance development (Burow et al, 2014). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A cross-sectional study of oral antibacterial treatment patterns in relation to specific diarrhoeal pathogens in weaner pigs

Jensen

Jorsal

Toft

2017

Veterinary Microbiology

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Highlights Antimicrobial use should be evidence based and prudent according to WHO guidelines.  In Danish weaning pigs, tetracyclines were the most frequently used antimicrobials for diahrroea by a substantial margin, irrespective the identified pathogen, including Brachyspira pilosicoli, Lawsonia intracellularis, and E.coli (F4 and F18). Tetracyclines are 2. or 3.rd choice antimicrobial according to the national guidelines  Increasing compliance with the national treatment guidelines was observed in 14% of the herds with laboratory finding of B.pilosicoli, suggesting that B.pilosicoli is underdiagnosed based on clinical criteria.  In herds with moderate-massive amounts of Brachyspira pilosicoli, Lawsonia intracellularis, or E.coli (F4 and F18), between 10% and 20% of the herds did not use antimicrobial batch treatment.  The antimicrobial use per pig appeared to decrease more in herds with negative laboratory results compared to herds with a moderate-massive occurrence of either of the pathogens, but this finding could be related to register data bias. AbstractAccording to international guidelines, the use of antibacterials should be evidence based and prudent. This register-based, cross-sectional study investigates the potential effect of laboratory findings on the patterns of antibacterial oral (batch) medication of weaner pigs, and the level of compliance with national guidelines for antibacterial use. The study population includes 1,736weaner herds (≈65% of all Danish weaner pigs) that were subject to laboratory analysis from the National Veterinary Institute on Brachyspira pilosicoli, Lawsonia intracellularis, and E.coli (F4 and F18) in 2014. Antibacterial prescription data were obtained from the national database, VetStat.These showed that antibacterial prescriptions for use in weaner pigs was 8.6% lower in spring 2015 compared to spring 2014. The antibacterial use per pig tended (p=0.08) to decrease more in herds with negative laboratory results compared to herds with a moderate or massive occurrence of either of the pathogens. Irrespective of the laboratory findings on diarrhoeal pathogens, tetracyclines were the most frequently used antibacterials by a substantial margin, both 3 months prior to and 2-5 months after laboratory analysis. According to the national guidelines, tetracyclines are the second or third-choice antibacterial for treatment of diarrhoeal pathogens, due to resistance and coresistance patterns. Compliance with the guidelines increased in 14% of the herds, mostly following identification of B. pilosicoli within the herd. Between 10% and 20% of the herds did not use batch treatment, despite the presence of moderate-massive amounts of the pathogens.

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Oral antimicrobials increase antimicrobial resistance in porcine E. coli – A systematic review

Cited by 123 publications

References 23 publications

Effect of Tetracycline Dose and Treatment Mode on Selection of Resistant Coliform Bacteria in Nursery Pigs

Effect of Tetracycline Dose and Treatment Mode on Selection of Resistant Coliform Bacteria in Nursery Pigs

Risk Factors for Antimicrobial Resistance in Escherichia coli in Pigs Receiving Oral Antimicrobial Treatment: A Systematic Review

A cross-sectional study of oral antibacterial treatment patterns in relation to specific diarrhoeal pathogens in weaner pigs

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