Oral bacteria in multi‐species biofilms can be killed by red light in the presence of toluidine blue

O’Neill, John; Hope, Christopher K.; Wilson, Michael

doi:10.1002/lsm.10087

Cited by 122 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The smaller curcumin concentration (0.75 g/L) was sufficient to kill 97.5 % of the microorganisms. Similar results have been shown in previous studies using different PSs on oral bacteria in a biofilm condition [11,13,14,33] Conversely, when PDT was applied to microorganisms in dentine carious lesions, results showed that bacteria were more resistant to PDT within decayed dentine. Furthermore, the phototoxic effect was found to be dependent upon curcumin concentration.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

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Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy of curcumin in biofilms and carious dentine

et al. 2013

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique that involves the activation of photosensitizers by light in the presence of oxygen, resulting in the production of reactive radicals that are capable of inducing cell death. The present study evaluated the susceptibility of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus to PDT grown as multi-species in the biofilm phase versus in dentine carious lesions. A brainheart infusion culture medium supplemented with 1 % glucose, 2 % sucrose, and 1 % young primary culture of L. acidophilus 10 8 CFU/mL and S. mutans 10 8 CFU/mL was used to develop multi-species biofilms and to induce caries on human dentine slabs. Five different concentrations of curcumin (0.75, 1.5, 3.0, 4.0, and 5.0 g/L) were used associated with 5.7 J/cm 2 light emission diode. Four different groups were analyzed L−D− (control group), L−D+ (drug group), L+D− (light group), and L+D+ (PDT group). ANOVA/Tukey's tests were conducted to compare groups. A significant reduction (p <0.05) in cell viability was observed in the biofilm phase following photosensitization with all curcumin concentrations tested. To achieve significant bacterial reduction (p <0.05) in carious dentine, it was necessary to utilize 5.0 g/L of curcumin in association with blue light. No significant reduction was found for L−D+, supporting the absence of the drug's dark toxicity. S. mutans and L. acidophilus were susceptible to curcumin in the presence of blue light. However, due to light penetration and drug diffusion difficulties, these microorganisms within dentine carious lesions were less affected than they were in the biofilm phase.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…By irradiation with light in the visible range of the spectrum, the PS is excited to its triplet state, and the energy is transferred to the molecular oxygen. Highly reactive singlet oxygen capable of reacting with and destroying biological systems is formed [11,12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy of curcumin in biofilms and carious dentine

et al. 2013

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“…This can be addressed partially through the use of polylysine-based cationic photosensitizers, which are currently being studied. 79 …”

Section: Photodynamic Approaches To Biofilm Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention and treatment of biofilms by hybrid- and nanotechnologies

Kasimanickam¹,

Ranjan²,

Asokan³

et al. 2013

IJN

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Bacteria growing as adherent biofilms are difficult to treat and frequently develop resistance to antimicrobial agents. To counter biofilms, various approaches, including prevention of bacterial surface adherence, application of device applicators, and assimilation of antimicrobials in targeted drug delivery machinery, have been utilized. These methods are also combined to achieve synergistic bacterial killing. This review discusses various multimodal technologies, presents general concepts, and describes therapies relying on the principles of electrical energy, ultrasound, photodynamics, and targeted drug delivery for prevention and treatment of biofilms.

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“…Highly reactive singlet oxygen capable of reacting with biological systems and destroying them is formed. 22,23 PDT represents an alternative antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral treatment for drug-resistant organisms. [24][25][26][27][28] It is not likely that bacteria would develop a resistance to the cytotoxic action of singlet oxygen or free radicals.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic Effects of Curcumin Against Cariogenic Pathogens

Araújo

Fontana

Bagnato

et al. 2012

Photomedicine and Laser Surgery

101

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Background data: The presence of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus in dental structure is an indicator of a cariogenic biofilm. Photodynamic therapy is a technique that involves the activation of photosensitizers by light in the presence of oxygen, resulting in the production of reactive radicals capable of inducing cell death. Reduction of bacteria levels can provide additional means of preventing dental caries. Objective: The present study evaluated the susceptibility of planktonic cultures of S. mutans (ATCC 25175) and L. acidophilus (ATCC-IAL-523) from the Adolfo Lutz Institute (IAL) to photodynamic therapy after sensitization with curcumin and exposure to blue light at 450 nm. Methods: Bacterial suspensions of S. mutans and L. acidophilus isolated (as single species) and combined (multspecies) were prepared and then evaluated. Four different groups were analyzed: L-D-(control group), L-D + (drug group), L + D-(light group), and L + D + (photodynamic therapy group). Two different concentrations of curcumin were tested (0.75 and 1.5 g/L) associated with a 5.7 J/cm 2 light emission diode. Results: Significant decreases ( p < 0.05) in the viability of S. mutans were only observed when the bacterial suspensions were exposed to both curcumin and light. Then, reductions in viability of up to 99.99% were observed when using 1.5 g/L of the photosensitizer. The susceptibility of L. acidophilus was considerably lower (21% and 37.6%) for both curcumin concentrations. Conclusions: Photodynamic therapy was found to be effective in reducing S. mutans and L. acidophilus on planktonic cultures. No significant reduction was found for L-D + , proving the absence of dark toxicity of the drug.

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Oral bacteria in multi‐species biofilms can be killed by red light in the presence of toluidine blue

Abstract: Substantial numbers of oral bacteria in multi-species biofilms can be killed by light in the presence of TBO. This may be useful in the treatment of dental plaque-related diseases.

Cited by 122 publications

References 14 publications

Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy of curcumin in biofilms and carious dentine

Photodynamic antimicrobial therapy of curcumin in biofilms and carious dentine

Prevention and treatment of biofilms by hybrid- and nanotechnologies

Photodynamic Effects of Curcumin Against Cariogenic Pathogens

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