Oral cancer in Fanconi anemia: Review of 121 cases

Two enemies, one fight: An update of oral cancer in patients with Fanconi anemia

“…Therefore, young people who develop HNSCC must perform FA diagnostic tests . In the general population, OSCC commonly tends to occur in men aged >45 years, whereas, in patients with FA, it ranges from ages 10 to 52 years (median, 26.5 years) with a 1.3:1.0 female predominance . Also, approximately 60% of OSCC in patients with FA arises in the tongue .…”

“…In the general population, OSCC commonly tends to occur in men aged >45 years, whereas, in patients with FA, it ranges from ages 10 to 52 years (median, 26.5 years) with a 1.3:1.0 female predominance . Also, approximately 60% of OSCC in patients with FA arises in the tongue . The most common risk factors for the development OSCC are tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, betel areca nut use, radiation exposure, infections, and chronic inflammation .…”

“…The incidence of subsequent solid tumors after HSCT is approximately 1% and 19%, whereas the rates at 10 years are between 2.2% and 6.1% . In addition, individuals with FA who previously received HSCT had a 4.4‐fold higher risk of developing HNSCC at a younger age . However, in most cases, the development of malignancies occur in patients who had GvHD.…”

“…The association of high life expectancy, a significant risk of oral cancer, and poor outcomes in patients with advanced‐stage disease who have FA highlights the need for OSCC surveillance. Patients with FA who have a history of GvHD and/or oral leukoplakia should attend oral cancer screening every 6 to 8 weeks, starting before age 10 years . Occasionally, patients with FA fail to attend the screening appointments and, for this reason, mouth self‐examination (MSE) has been proposed as a secondary prevention tool .…”

“…31 Also, approximately 60% of OSCC in patients with FA arises in the tongue. 31 The most common risk factors for the development OSCC are tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, betel areca nut use, radiation exposure, infections, and chronic inflammation. 30,[32][33][34][35][36][37] However, patients with FA can develop OSCC even in the absence of exposure to the common risk factors.…”