Oral carriage of candida in healthy and HIV-seropositive persons

Hauman, Catharina Hester Johanna; Thompson, I O; Theunissen, F; Wolfaardt, Pieter

doi:10.1016/0030-4220(93)90064-b

Cited by 81 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…All three studies were from India. Carriage rate in HIV positive and healthy persons 75% and 68% in a study from South Africa by Catherine Hester Johanna with Candida albicans in 56% [17] and 28.6% and 18% in another study from China by Liu X et al [4]. Rodrigues Costa et al found 62.6% of HIV positives carried candida in their oral cavities with Candida albicans in 50% in a study from Brazil [16].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

Bharathi¹,

Rani²,

Sandhya³

2012

Our Dermatol Online

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The aim was to determine colonization rate of candida in oral cavity of healthy individuals, diabetics and HIV seropositive individuals. Material and methods: Samples were collected from oral cavity of 50 HIV sero positive individuals, 50 diabetics and 50 healthy individuals by swabbing palatal mucosa, dorsum of tongue and buccal mucosa with a sterile swab. Samples were processed by inoculating on Hi Chrome Agar and speciation was done by growth on Hi Chrome agar, germ tube test, chlamydospore formation on CMA, pellicle formation in SDA broth and growth at 45ºc. Results: 27 HIV sero positive individuals (54%) carried candida in their oral cavities (single strain in 44% and combination of strains in 10%). Whereas it was 44% in diabetics (single species in 38% and a combination of species in 6%) and 24% in healthy individuals (only single species). Candida albicans accounts for 41.66% in healthy individuals, 68% in diabetics and 42

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Candida species colonize mucosal surfaces of human beings during or soon after birth and risk of endogenous infection is ever present [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. Patients with compromised host defenses are susceptible to ubiquitous fungi to which healthy people are exposed but usually resistant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

Bharathi¹,

Rani²,

Sandhya³

2012

Our Dermatol Online

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“…There is a strong correlation between the incidence of oropharyngeal candidiasis and reduced blood CD4 ϩ T-cell numbers (9,28). Experimental studies have also revealed the importance of CD4 ϩ T-cells for protection against candida infections (3,24).…”

Section: Expression Of Aire Gene In Established Cell Lines and Il-2t mentioning

confidence: 99%

Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Gene Is Expressed in Human Activated CD4⁺ T‐Cells and Regulated by Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Nagafuchi

Katsuta

Koyanagi-Katsuta

et al. 2006

Microbiology and Immunology

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The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) gene is a gene responsible for autoimmune polyendocrinopathy‐candidiasis‐ectodermal dystrophy. Here we show that AIRE is expressed in human peripheral CD4‐positive T‐cells, and most highly in antigen‐ and interleukin 2‐stimulated T (IL‐2T) cells. Mitogen‐activated protein kinases (MAPKs), including MAPK kinase (MEK) 1/2 and p38 MAPK, were phosphorylated in IL‐2T cells and the expression of the AIRE gene was inhibited by a specific p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580), thereby indicating that AIRE gene expression is controlled by the MAPK pathway in IL‐2T cells. These data suggested the possible significance of the AIRE gene in the peripheral immune system.

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“…As a commensal, C. albicans asymptomatically colonizes epithelial surfaces. Although both the oral and the vaginal mucosa are normally colonized with C. albicans, the oral mucosa is colonized at higher rates (up to 65% of normal healthy individuals versus 5 to 25% of healthy women colonized vaginally) (28,52). Clinical observations show that symptomatic oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) is often a manifestation of corticosteroid therapy (35), immunosuppression after transplantation (7), and AIDS (34,39).…”

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confidence: 99%

Potential Role for a Carbohydrate Moiety in Anti-CandidaActivity of Human Oral Epithelial Cells

et al. 2001

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Candida albicans is both a commensal and a pathogen at the oral mucosa. Although an intricate network of host defense mechanisms are expected for protection against oropharyngeal candidiasis, anti-Candida host defense mechanisms at the oral mucosa are poorly understood. Our laboratory recently showed that primary epithelial cells from human oral mucosa, as well as an oral epithelial cell line, inhibit the growth of blastoconidia and/or hyphal phases of several Candida species in vitro with a requirement for cell contact and with no demonstrable role for soluble factors. In the present study, we show that oral epithelial cell-mediated anti-Candida activity is resistant to gamma-irradiation and is not mediated by phagocytosis, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, and superoxide oxidative inhibitory pathways or by nonoxidative components such as soluble defensin and calprotectin peptides. In contrast, epithelial cell-mediated anti-Candida activity was sensitive to heat, paraformaldehyde fixation, and detergents, but these treatments were accompanied by a significant loss in epithelial cell viability. Treatments that removed existing membrane protein or lipid moieties in the presence or absence of protein synthesis inhibitors had no effect on epithelial cell inhibitory activity. In contrast, the epithelial cell-mediated anti-Candida activity was abrogated after treatment of the epithelial cells with periodic acid, suggesting a role for carbohydrates. Adherence of C. albicans to oral epithelial cells was unaffected, indicating that the carbohydrate moiety is exclusively associated with the growth inhibition activity. Subsequent studies that evaluated specific membrane carbohydrate moieties, however, showed no role for sulfated polysaccharides, sialic acid residues, or glucose-and mannose-containing carbohydrates. These results suggest that oral epithelial cell-mediated anti-Candida activity occurs exclusively with viable epithelial cells through contact with C. albicans by an as-yet-undefined carbohydrate moiety.

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Oral carriage of candida in healthy and HIV-seropositive persons

Cited by 81 publications

References 16 publications

A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Gene Is Expressed in Human Activated CD4⁺ T‐Cells and Regulated by Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Potential Role for a Carbohydrate Moiety in Anti-CandidaActivity of Human Oral Epithelial Cells

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Oral carriage of candida in healthy and HIV-seropositive persons

Cited by 81 publications

References 16 publications

A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

A comparative study of carrier state of Candida and its speciation in oral flora – Among healthy individuals, persons with DM and HIV sero positive individuals

Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Gene Is Expressed in Human Activated CD4+ T‐Cells and Regulated by Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Pathway

Potential Role for a Carbohydrate Moiety in Anti-CandidaActivity of Human Oral Epithelial Cells

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Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Gene Is Expressed in Human Activated CD4⁺ T‐Cells and Regulated by Mitogen‐Activated Protein Kinase Pathway