Oral contraceptive use and the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer

Vecchia, Carlo La; Franceschi, Silvia; Decarli, Adriano

doi:10.1038/bjc.1984.136

Cited by 36 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We conducted a case-control study of ovarian cancer in Japan designed to evaluate reproductive (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17), genetic (5,7,9,12,17), and dietary risk factors (17)(18)(19)(20)(21), all of which have been found to be associated with the occurrence of ovarian cancer in Western countries.…”

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Reproductive, Genetic, and Dietary Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer

Mori¹,

Hayashi²,

Miyake³

et al. 1988

American Journal of Epidemiology

166

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A case-control study of 110 women with ovarian epithelial carcinoma and 220 individually age-matched controls was conducted in Hokkaido, Japan, to identify ovarian cancer risk factors. Both the cases and the matched controls were surveyed either from 1980 to 1981 or from 1985 to 1986. Ovarian cancer risk was increased in single women (p less than 0.01), and in women with a family history of breast, uterine, or ovarian cancer in a mother or sister (p less than 0.001). Conversely, risk was decreased in women who had experienced a livebirth (p less than 0.001), an induced abortion (p less than 0.05), or who had had permanent sterilization by tubal ligation (p less than 0.05). Each of the reproductive factors remained significant when adjusted for each other using logistic regression analysis. The odds ratio for ovarian cancer decreased significantly with increasing number of livebirths (p less than 0.001). Furthermore, a significant negative association between anovulatory periods and ovarian cancer risk was noted (p less than 0.01). No association was observed for any types of contraceptive methods other than tubal ligation, but the prevalence of oral contraceptive use was very low. A significant positive association with daily fish consumption (p less than 0.05) and a marginally significant negative association with daily milk consumption (p = 0.05) were also observed.

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Reproductive, Genetic, and Dietary Risk Factors for Ovarian Cancer

Mori¹,

Hayashi²,

Miyake³

et al. 1988

American Journal of Epidemiology

166

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“…The protection conferred by combined oral contraceptives (OCs) on epithelial ovarian cancer risk is one of the best established factors in the epidemiology of this tumour. Since the early 1970's at least 20 studies have analysed this association (Newhouse et al, 1977;Casagrande et al, 1979;McGowan et al, 1979;Hildreth et al, 1981;Weiss et al, 1981;Willett et al, 1981;Cramer et al, 1982;Rosenberg et al, 1982;La Vecchia et al, 1984;Tzonou et al, 1984;Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study, 1987;Vessey et al, 1987;Beral et al, 1988;Harlow et al, 1988;Wu et al, 1988;Booth et at., 1989;Hartge et al, 1989;Shu et al, 1989; WHO Collaborative Study of Neoplasia and Steroid Contraceptives, 1989;Parazzini et al, 1991). Most of them have found relative risks below unity in women reporting ever-use of OCs with an overall protection of approximately 40% (Prentice and Thomas, 1987).…”

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Pooled analysis of 3 european case‐control studies of epithelial ovarian cancer: III. Oral contraceptive use

Franceschi

Parazzini

Negri

et al. 1991

Intl Journal of Cancer

144

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The relationship between use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and other contraceptive methods and the risk of ovarian cancer was examined in a combined analysis of 3 hospital-based case-control studies conducted in Italy, the United Kingdom, and Greece, for a total of 971 ovarian cancer cases and 2,258 controls under age 65. Compared with never-users, the combined multivariate relative risk (RR) for ever-users was 0.6 (95% confidence interval, CI = 0.4-0.8) and the estimates were consistent in the 3 datasets. The protection was also similar across strata of age and parity. Considering various measures of OC use, available in the Italian and British datasets only, the protection conveyed on ovarian cancer risk increased with the duration of use and persisted in the medium-long period: the RR in women reporting their last OC use greater than or equal to 15 years prior to diagnosis was 0.5 (95% CI = 0.2-1.0). The risks in ever-users were appreciably lower in those women who reported their first OC use before 25 years of age (RR = 0.3 for first use before age 25, 0.8 for first use at age 25-34 and 0.7 at 35 years or after). Such findings emerged similarly from Italian and British data. This combined analysis, besides offering further quantitative estimates of the protective effects of OCs on ovarian cancer risk in European populations, provides useful insights into the time pattern of the relationship between OC use and ovarian carcinogenesis, suggesting that the protection persists for 15 years or more after cessation of use and may be larger for use at younger age.

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“…In the present paper, we have summarized the interim results from a case-control study of cancers of the breast and of the female genital tract conducted in northern Italy. The data on ovanan cancer only have been partly published in a separate paper (La Vecchia et al, 1984a). …”

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confidence: 99%