Oral contraceptives and the risk of gallbladder disease: a comparative safety study

Risk of venous thromboembolism in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a population-based matched cohort analysis

“…The data are considered to be reasonably representative of US residents with private health insurance in terms of geography, age and sex, and these data have been previously used to evaluate the comparative safety of combined oral contraceptives. [12][13][14] The LifeLink database is subject to quality checks to ensure data quality and to minimize error rates. 15 This study was approved by the University of Florida Gainsville Health Science Institutional Review Board.…”

Effects of diabetes mellitus on gallbladder

“…We retrieved and evaluated 22 articles in more detail, of which 14 articles were excluded, leaving 8 studies that were eligible for inclusion ( Figure 1). [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Major characteristics of included studies have been summarized in Table 1. The summary relative risk for patients with diabetes mellitus versus patients without diabetes was 1.42 (95% CI: Table 3 shows a positive relation in the subgroup analyses comprising age, smoking, body mass index, and physical activity, while not always statistically significant.…”

“…Although heterogeneity in general was very high, there was no heterogeneity between the studies with longer duration of follow-up. Study OR 95% CI Jamal 12 1.81 (1.77-1.85) Liu 13 1.08 (1.05-1.10) Chen 14 1.68 (1.10-3.87) Jun 15 1.17 (1.10-1.25) Strom 16 2.60 (2.40-2.70) Etminan 17 1.67 (1.59-1.74) Gonzalez-Perez 18 1.02 (0.80-1.29) Festi 19 1.75 (1.04-2.96)…”

Risk Factor Prevalence and Their Relative Influence on Fatty Liver and Gallstone Disease: A Cross-Ethnic Study Comparing Two High-Risk Populations from Chile and Northeast Germany

“…BMI and serum triglycerides were slightly more important in the SHIP, whereas contraceptives had a stronger influence in Chile. Contraceptives may differ in their impact on GSD, 47,48 and possibly, compounds used in Chile differ from those used in Germany; unfortunately data on the specific compounds were not available in our study. Moreover, the impact of contraceptives might be modified by different levels of BMI.…”