Oral diseases and inflammatory burden and Alzheimer's disease among subjects aged 75 years or older

Tiisanoja, Antti; Syrjälä, Anna-Maija; Tertsonen, Miia; Komulainen, Kaija; Pesonen, Paula; Knuuttila, Matti; Hartikainen, Sirpa; Ylöstalo, Pekka

doi:10.1111/scd.12357

Cited by 24 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A study where the proportion of periodontitis in different groups was based on scores of the digit symbol substitution test (DSST) [ 43 ] was excluded, and a study using the mean score of symbol digit substitution test (SDST) [ 44 ] in different groups based on periodontitis was also excluded. Finally, 8 case-control studies [ 27 , 32 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 ], 4 cross-sectional studies [ 24 , 25 , 51 , 52 ] and 8 descriptive studies [ 20 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ] were included in this study. The search and screening process of articles are displayed in Figure 1 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further, three studies examined periodontal status by uniting the CPI with other oral health indexes, such as the GI [ 47 , 56 ], PI [ 47 ] and the GBI [ 55 ]. One diagnosed periodontitis with only PPD [ 58 ]. Another three papers used PPD and CAL as their periodontitis indexes [ 32 , 52 , 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There was diversity in the definition of dementia and cognitive impairment in the included studies. Four studies assessed dementia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) [ 27 , 48 , 51 , 58 ] and one study assessed cognitive impairment with DSM-III revised criteria (DSM-III R) [ 25 ]. Two studies diagnosed dementia in terms of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke and the Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) workgroup recommendations [ 32 , 54 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Periodontitis on Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis

Guo

Chang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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The association between periodontal disease and dementia/cognitive impairment continues to receive increasing attention. However, whether periodontal disease is a risk factor for dementia/cognitive impairment is still uncertain. This meta-analysis was conducted to comprehensively analyze the effect of periodontitis on dementia and cognitive impairment, and to assess the periodontal status of dementia patients at the same time. A literature search was undertaken on 19 October 2020 using PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase with different search terms. Two evaluators screened studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and a third evaluator was involved if there were disagreements; this process was the same as that used for data extraction. Included studies were assessed with the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and results were analyzed using software Review Manager 5.2. Twenty observational studies were included. In the comparison between periodontitis and cognitive impairment, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.77 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.31–2.38), which indicated that there was a strong relationship between periodontitis and cognitive impairment. There was no statistical significance in the effect of periodontitis on dementia (OR = 1.59; 95%CI, 0.92–2.76). The subgroup analysis revealed that moderate or severe periodontitis was significantly associated with dementia (OR = 2.13; 95%CI, 1.25–3.64). The mean difference (MD) of the community periodontal index (CPI) and clinical attachment level (CAL) was 0.25 (95%CI, 0.09–0.40) and 1.22 (95%CI, 0.61–1.83), respectively. In this meta-analysis, there was an association between periodontitis and cognitive impairment, and moderate or severe periodontitis was a risk factor for dementia. Additionally, the deterioration of periodontal status was observed among dementia patients.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Periodontitis on Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis

Guo

Chang

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…The crude hazard ratio of dementia according to the number of remaining/lost teeth was 1.6 [10,34]. Tiisanoja et al [68] demonstrated that subjects with pocket depth ≥4 mm had an increased, but not statistically significant, risk of developing Alzheimer’s Disease (Relative risk: 1.54). Furthermore, Yoo et al [35] demonstrated that periodontal treatment lead to a significant decrease in the incidence of dementia.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Health Status and Need for Oral Care in an Aging Population: A Systematic Review

Lauritano

Moreo

Vella

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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Background. The world population is aging. This phenomenon is accompanied by an increase in the number of elderly with dementia, whose oral hygiene care is a challenge. Objective. This paper presents a literature review of oral health status and the need for oral care in people with dementia, as compared to people without dementia and also of the relationship between periodontal disease and cognitive impairment. Methods. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Library. Fifty-six articles met the inclusion criteria and were consequently included for quality assessment and data extraction. Results. No significant differences were found between both groups with regard to the number of present teeth, DMFT Index, edentulousness/use of denture, and orofacial pain. Coronal/root caries and retained roots were more common in people with dementia than in those without dementia. Most of the participants with dementia presented gingival bleeding or inflammation and they suffered from the periodontal disease more than people without dementia. Conclusions. Poor oral health is a common condition among the elderly with dementia. The education process of caregivers might improve the oral health status of people with dementia. Finally, periodontal disease might contribute to the onset or progression of dementia.

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“…As previously mentioned, the probable causes of the loss of dental elements can be indicated in the elderly suffering from dementia by a gradual abandonment of the oral hygiene maneuvers and by the abandonment of dental care [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies

et al. 2019

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Alzheimer’s disease is classified as a neurodegenerative condition, a heterogeneous group of illnesses characterized by the slow and progressive loss of one or more functions of the nervous system. Its incidence tends to increase gradually from 65 years of age, up to a prevalence of 4% at age 75. The loss of dental elements is more prevalent in this population and might negatively affect the masticatory capacity, quality of life, and pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. This study investigated problems related to oral health and the loss of dental elements in elderly patients suffering from Alzheimer’s and considered whether local inflammatory processes could affect the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. The purpose of this systematic review is to identify a link between the causes leading to tooth loss and the onset/progression of Alzheimer’s disease. We also studied whether there is a higher incidence of tooth loss (primary outcome) and edentulism (secondary outcome) among Alzheimer’s patients. We searched records in electronic databases such as PubMed, EBSCO, and Web of Science using the following keywords: Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontal, Alzheimer’s Disease AND periodontitis, dementia AND (periodontitis OR periodontal) “Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss,” “dementia” AND “edentulous,” “Alzheimer’s Disease” AND “edentulous,” “dementia” AND “tooth” OR “dental loss.” The records were screened, and after applying the eligibility and inclusion criteria, nine articles were left, six of which were analyzed for the primary outcome (loss of dental elements) and six for the secondary outcome (tooth loss). Results from this meta-analysis revealed that Alzheimer’s disease patients have an increased risk of dental loss (hazard ratio (HR) 1.52, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.00–2.30, p = 0.05) and edentulous condition (HR 2.26, 95% CI 1.70–3.01, p < 0.001). A quantitative analysis of the included studies indicated that patients suffering from Alzheimer’s disease are characterized by a greater number of lost dental elements and general edentulism compared to the control groups.

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Oral diseases and inflammatory burden and Alzheimer's disease among subjects aged 75 years or older

Cited by 24 publications

References 37 publications

The Effect of Periodontitis on Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis

The Effect of Periodontitis on Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Meta-Analysis

Oral Health Status and Need for Oral Care in an Aging Population: A Systematic Review

The Association between Tooth Loss and Alzheimer’s Disease: a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis of Case Control Studies

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