Oral epithelial changes in HIV-positive individuals

Elia, Caterina; Renata, Mikolajczak; Benito, Alfonso; Vitorino, M Santos; Maria, Gul

doi:10.1016/j.prp.2013.03.001

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The patients that were allergic to profilin presented a progressive oral mucosal remodeling, characterized by decreased expression of TJ (claudin-1 and occluding) and AJ (E-cadherin) proteins, which led to a leaky epithelial barrier, increased angiogenesis and acanthosis, and augmented collagen deposition in the lamina propria. These processes have been previously associated with mucosal remodeling [ 77 , 78 , 79 ] and are comparable with those described from patients with other inflammatory pathologies [ 80 , 81 ]. In addition, an increased IL-33 expression was also observed in the severe allergic patients, i.e., those orally sensitized to profilin with a clinical history of severe allergic reactions.…”

Section: Oral Mucosa In Food Allergysupporting

confidence: 82%

Oral Mucosa as a Potential Site for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases

Gómez‐Casado

Sánchez-Solares

Izquierdo

et al. 2021

Foods

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Most prevalent food allergies during early childhood are caused by foods with a high allergenic protein content, such as milk, egg, nuts, or fish. In older subjects, some respiratory allergies progressively lead to food-induced allergic reactions, which can be severe, such as urticaria or asthma. Oral mucosa remodeling has been recently proven to be a feature of severe allergic phenotypes and autoimmune diseases. This remodeling process includes epithelial barrier disruption and the release of inflammatory signals. Although little is known about the immune processes taking place in the oral mucosa, there are a few reports describing the oral mucosa-associated immune system. In this review, we will provide an overview of the recent knowledge about the role of the oral mucosa in food-induced allergic reactions, as well as in severe respiratory allergies or food-induced autoimmune diseases, such as celiac disease.

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Section: Oral Mucosa In Food Allergysupporting

confidence: 82%

Oral Mucosa as a Potential Site for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases

Gómez‐Casado

Sánchez-Solares

Izquierdo

et al. 2021

Foods

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“…Some studies have reported an increased migration of inflammatory cells into the oral mucosa (7), whereas others have shown that levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) (8-10) were significantly elevated during HIV infection. Interestingly, chronic immune activation and mucosal inflammation occurs in the presence of transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF␤), a highly immunosuppressive cytokine (11,12) that has been shown to deactivate mononuclear phagocytes (13), reduce IL-2 receptor expression on T cells, and inhibit IL-2-induced T cell proliferation (14,15).…”

Section: Hronic Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Hiv) Infection Ismentioning

confidence: 99%

Suppression of Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor 2 and Smad5 Is Associated with High Levels of MicroRNA miR-155 in the Oral Mucosa during Chronic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

George

Lewis

Renne

et al. 2015

J Virol

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C hronic human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is characterized by a significant increase in generalized immune activation (1, 2) and in mucosal inflammatory conditions such as periodontitis and gingivitis (3-6). Some studies have reported an increased migration of inflammatory cells into the oral mucosa (7), whereas others have shown that levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-6 (IL-6) (8-10) were significantly elevated during HIV infection. Interestingly, chronic immune activation and mucosal inflammation occurs in the presence of transforming growth factor ␤ (TGF␤), a highly immunosuppressive cytokine (11, 12) that has been shown to deactivate mononuclear phagocytes (13), reduce IL-2 receptor expression on T cells, and inhibit IL-2-induced T cell proliferation (14,15).Numerous studies have shown that TGF␤ levels were elevated during HIV infection and were associated with disease progression (16-18). Titers of plasma TGF␤ were shown to be sufficient to induce cellular responses in vitro (16). Likewise, simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaques were found to have persistently increased levels of TGF␤ in the plasma during chronic infection (19).Why immune activation and chronic inflammation persist even in the presence of high levels of immunosuppressive cytokines is not clear. Ploquin et al. (20) reported that the failure of TGF␤ to resorb virus-driven inflammation and activation during pathogenic HIV type 1 (HIV-1) and SIV infections may be due to increased unresponsiveness to TGF␤ that was associated with altered signaling. The exact mechanisms for this unresponsiveness are still not clear.TGF␤ binds to and signals through its high-affinity type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors TGF␤ receptor 1 (TGF␤-R1) and TGF␤-R2, which are expressed on a variety of cell types (21,22). Binding of TGF␤ to TGF␤-R2 phosphorylates and activates TGF␤-R1, which in turn recruits and phosphorylates a number of receptor-activated Smad proteins such as Smad1 to Smad5 (23). We hypothesized that the inability of TGF␤ to suppress immune activation may be associated with the dysregulated expression of its receptors in the oral mucosa. The loss of TGF␤ receptors has been shown to mediate resistance to TGF␤ in cell lines (22,24). We used the rhesus macaque model of HIV infection to address this question.Seventeen rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) of Indian origin (n ϭ 17) were used in this study. Ten animals were chronically infected with pathogenic SIVmac251, whereas the rest (n ϭ 7) were uninfected. The animals were housed in accordance with the guidelines of the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal and were seronegative for SIV, simian retrovirus (SRV), and simian T-cell leukemia virus (STLV) type 1 prior to SIV challenge.Peripheral blood and oropharyngeal tissue samples were collected at the time of sacrifice. Plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated and cryopreserved along with the oropharyngeal tissue samples. PBMC were isolated...

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Profilin-mediated food-induced allergic reactions are associated with oral epithelial remodeling

Rosace

Gómez‐Casado

Fernández

et al. 2019

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

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Oral epithelial changes in HIV-positive individuals

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Oral Mucosa as a Potential Site for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases

Oral Mucosa as a Potential Site for Diagnosis and Treatment of Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases

Suppression of Transforming Growth Factor β Receptor 2 and Smad5 Is Associated with High Levels of MicroRNA miR-155 in the Oral Mucosa during Chronic Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Profilin-mediated food-induced allergic reactions are associated with oral epithelial remodeling

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