Oral hygiene and periodontal status in children and adolescents with Down syndrome

Zietek, M; Kaczmarek, Urszula

doi:10.25121/ns.2019.24.1.20

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Only OHI-S and API were found to have a positive relationship with mSBI in healthy controls (Table 1). 8,[10][11][12]…”

Section: Oral Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings suggest that periodontal pathogens can colonize and survive in the oral cavity of people with DS from an early age (Table 1). 10,11…”

Section: Changes In Oral Microbial Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The accumulation of plaque and debris is an important local factor in the occurrence of gingivitis (Table 1). 11,25,26 Parents should be encouraged to help their children achieve acceptable oral hygiene measures. As a result, as part of the prevention plan for DS children's oral health, the dentist should educate the parents.…”

Section: Low Intellectual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Systemic immunodeficiency, inflammatory mediators, and proteolytic enzymes, low intellectual level, impaired circulation leading to tissue hypoxia, and propensity to infections, as well as systemic endocrine dysfunction are examples of systemic factors. 10,11 Some of these factors are thought to contribute to the high prevalence of gingivitis in children with DS. This paper discusses the etiology of gingivitis in children with DS based on various related local and systemic factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gingivitis in Children with Down Syndrome: Review of Local and Systemic Factors

2022

Acta Med Philipp

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Background. When compared to healthy children, children with Down Syndrome (DS) have a higher prevalence of gingivitis (46.7%). Individuals with DS have anatomical abnormalities, and mental and orofacial problems. They also have a weakened immune system, resulting in a decrease in the number of T lymphocyte cells, making children with DS more susceptible to infection. This includes an increased prevalence of periodontal diseases, one of which is gingivitis. This systematic review discusses the existing local and systemic factors that may become the etiology of gingivitis in children with DS.Objective. To describe various local and systemic factors as the cause of gingivitis and to find out the main etiological factors of gingivitis in children with DS Methods. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for Indonesian and English references either in the form of textbook, research results, reviews, and internet articles on the topic. We screened and selected the relevant articles for inclusion into the review. Results.In children with DS, apart from poor oral hygiene, the increasing incidence of gingivitis is caused by changes in other local factors related to systemic factors, such as oral dysfunction, dental and gingival abnormalities, changes in the oral microbial profile, and salivary characteristics. Furthermore, systemic immunodeficiency, changes in inflammatory mediators and proteolytic enzymes, and intellectual subnormality are considered as systemic factors. Conclusion.There is no main etiological factor of gingivitis in children with DS since various local and systemic factors are interrelated with each other causing gingivitis. The severity of gingivitis in children with DS presumably were caused by the systemic factors. Furthermore, good oral hygiene habits and the dentist's intervention in periodontal health can significantly reduce gingivitis in DS patients.

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“…Only OHI-S and API were found to have a positive relationship with mSBI in healthy controls (Table 1). 8,[10][11][12]…”

Section: Oral Hygienementioning

confidence: 99%

“…These findings suggest that periodontal pathogens can colonize and survive in the oral cavity of people with DS from an early age (Table 1). 10,11…”

Section: Changes In Oral Microbial Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Low Intellectual Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gingivitis in Children with Down Syndrome: Review of Local and Systemic Factors

2022

Acta Med Philipp

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Implications of Down’s syndrome on oral health status in patients

Gupta¹,

Goud

Gulati³

et al. 2021

Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care

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Background: Down syndrome which is also known as “trisomy 21” is the commonest chromosomal defect that has been associated with intellectual disability or impairment. Clinically, it has been characterized by the generalized presence of hypotonic musculature, variety of neurobiological alterations, numerous respiratory diseases, and significantly higher risk of developing infection along with various dental abnormalities and oro-facial dysmorphological changes. Periodontal diseases are the most prominent oral health issue among individuals diagnosed with Down Syndrome. Aim: The objective of the present prevalence analysis was to study the implications of Down’s syndrome on oral health status among patients. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive and cross-sectional prevalence analysis conducted within a duration of 1 year. A total of 100 children diagnosed with Down syndrome (aged between 5 and 16 years) were selected as the study sample. Inclusion criteria were (a) cytogenetic positive trisomy 21, (b) cooperative behavior, and (c) written informed consent obtained from the legal care-takers. Exclusion criteria were (a) any debilitating form of systemic diseases, (b) any other disability, and (c) extremely uncooperative children. The gingival health status was assessed using gingival index (GI) [Loe and Silness], calculus index (CI) [Ramfjord], and plaque index (PI) [Silness and Loe]. Information involving the practice of oral hygiene maintenance, diet plans, and parental educational status was derived from each parent. Based upon their intelligence quotient (I. Q.) values, the subjects were classified into three groups: a) mild (I. Q. level = 50 to 70), b) moderate (I. Q. level = 35 to 50), and c) severe (I. Q. level ≤35). Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software tool Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Qualitative data were recorded as frequencies, and percentages and quantitative data were recorded as mean and standard deviation values. All categorical outcomes were analyzed by means of the Chi-square test. The quantitative outcomes of Calculus Index, Gingival Index, and Plaque Index were analyzed by either student’s t -test or one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance was set at a cut-off value of P < 0.05. Results: Down syndromic children between 12 and 16 years were reported to have statistically significant higher Calculus Index, Gingival Index, and Plaque Index values in comparison with younger age syndromic children ( P < 0.01). Those with severe mental retardation had significantly higher Plaque Index ( P < 0.001) and Gingival Index ( P < 0.04) values when compared with those with mild and moderate mental retardation. No significant difference in comparing Calculus Index was noted. Conclus...

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Oral hygiene and periodontal status in children and adolescents with Down syndrome

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Gingivitis in Children with Down Syndrome: Review of Local and Systemic Factors

Gingivitis in Children with Down Syndrome: Review of Local and Systemic Factors

Implications of Down’s syndrome on oral health status in patients

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